Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into sla-pr/1284-jesus

This commit is contained in:
slavisa-baeldung
2017-03-03 06:57:17 +01:00
309 changed files with 11489 additions and 613 deletions

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@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ package com.baeldung.algorithms;
import java.util.Scanner;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.annealing.SimulatedAnnealing;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.annealing.SimulatedAnnealing;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.ant_colony.AntColonyOptimization;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.binary.SimpleGeneticAlgorithm;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.slope_one.SlopeOne;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ public class RunAlgorithm {
System.out.println("1 - Simulated Annealing");
System.out.println("2 - Slope One");
System.out.println("3 - Simple Genetic Algorithm");
System.out.println("4 - Ant Colony");
int decision = in.nextInt();
switch (decision) {
case 1:
@@ -27,6 +29,10 @@ public class RunAlgorithm {
SimpleGeneticAlgorithm ga = new SimpleGeneticAlgorithm();
ga.runAlgorithm(50, "1011000100000100010000100000100111001000000100000100000000001111");
break;
case 4:
AntColonyOptimization antColony = new AntColonyOptimization(21);
antColony.startAntOptimization();
break;
default:
System.out.println("Unknown option");
break;

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
package com.baeldung.algorithms.annealing;
package com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.annealing;
import lombok.Data;

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
package com.baeldung.algorithms.annealing;
package com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.annealing;
public class SimulatedAnnealing {

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
package com.baeldung.algorithms.annealing;
package com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.annealing;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
package com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.ant_colony;
public class Ant {
protected int trailSize;
protected int trail[];
protected boolean visited[];
public Ant(int tourSize) {
this.trailSize = tourSize;
this.trail = new int[tourSize];
this.visited = new boolean[tourSize];
}
protected void visitCity(int currentIndex, int city) {
trail[currentIndex + 1] = city;
visited[city] = true;
}
protected boolean visited(int i) {
return visited[i];
}
protected double trailLength(double graph[][]) {
double length = graph[trail[trailSize - 1]][trail[0]];
for (int i = 0; i < trailSize - 1; i++) {
length += graph[trail[i]][trail[i + 1]];
}
return length;
}
protected void clear() {
for (int i = 0; i < trailSize; i++)
visited[i] = false;
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
package com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.ant_colony;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
public class AntColonyOptimization {
private double c = 1.0;
private double alpha = 1;
private double beta = 5;
private double evaporation = 0.5;
private double Q = 500;
private double antFactor = 0.8;
private double randomFactor = 0.01;
private int maxIterations = 1000;
public int numberOfCities;
public int numberOfAnts;
private double graph[][];
private double trails[][];
private Ant ants[];
private Random random = new Random();
private double probabilities[];
private int currentIndex;
public int[] bestTourOrder;
public double bestTourLength;
public AntColonyOptimization(int noOfCities) {
graph = generateRandomMatrix(noOfCities);
numberOfCities = graph.length;
numberOfAnts = (int) (numberOfCities * antFactor);
trails = new double[numberOfCities][numberOfCities];
probabilities = new double[numberOfCities];
ants = new Ant[numberOfAnts];
for (int j = 0; j < numberOfAnts; j++) {
ants[j] = new Ant(numberOfCities);
}
}
/**
* Generate initial solution
* @param n
* @return
*/
public double[][] generateRandomMatrix(int n) {
double[][] randomMatrix = new double[n][n];
random.setSeed(System.currentTimeMillis());
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
Integer r = random.nextInt(100) + 1;
randomMatrix[i][j] = Math.abs(r);
}
}
return randomMatrix;
}
/**
* Perform ant optimization
* @return
*/
public int[] startAntOptimization() {
int[] finalResult = null;
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
System.out.println("Attempt #" + i);
finalResult = solve();
}
return finalResult;
}
/**
* Use this method to run the main logic
* @return
*/
private int[] solve() {
setupAnts();
clearTrails();
int iteration = 0;
while (iteration < maxIterations) {
moveAnts();
updateTrails();
updateBest();
iteration++;
}
System.out.println("Best tour length: " + (bestTourLength - numberOfCities));
System.out.println("Best tour order: " + Arrays.toString(bestTourOrder));
return bestTourOrder.clone();
}
/**
* Prepare ants for the simulation
*/
private void setupAnts() {
currentIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfAnts; i++) {
ants[i].clear();
ants[i].visitCity(currentIndex, random.nextInt(numberOfCities));
}
currentIndex++;
}
/**
* At each iteration, move ants
*/
private void moveAnts() {
while (currentIndex < numberOfCities - 1) {
for (Ant a : ants)
a.visitCity(currentIndex, selectNextCity(a));
currentIndex++;
}
}
/**
* Select next city for each ant
* @param ant
* @return
*/
private int selectNextCity(Ant ant) {
if (random.nextDouble() < randomFactor) {
int t = random.nextInt(numberOfCities - currentIndex);
int j = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCities; i++) {
if (!ant.visited(i)) {
j++;
}
if (j == t) {
return i;
}
}
}
calculateProbabilities(ant);
double r = random.nextDouble();
double total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCities; i++) {
total += probabilities[i];
if (total >= r) {
return i;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("There are no other cities");
}
/**
* Calculate the next city picks probabilites
* @param ant
*/
private void calculateProbabilities(Ant ant) {
int i = ant.trail[currentIndex];
double pheromone = 0.0;
for (int l = 0; l < numberOfCities; l++) {
if (!ant.visited(l)) {
pheromone += Math.pow(trails[i][l], alpha) * Math.pow(1.0 / graph[i][l], beta);
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < numberOfCities; j++) {
if (ant.visited(j)) {
probabilities[j] = 0.0;
} else {
double numerator = Math.pow(trails[i][j], alpha) * Math.pow(1.0 / graph[i][j], beta);
probabilities[j] = numerator / pheromone;
}
}
}
/**
* Update trails that ants used
*/
private void updateTrails() {
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCities; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < numberOfCities; j++) {
trails[i][j] *= evaporation;
}
}
for (Ant a : ants) {
double contribution = Q / a.trailLength(graph);
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCities - 1; i++) {
trails[a.trail[i]][a.trail[i + 1]] += contribution;
}
trails[a.trail[numberOfCities - 1]][a.trail[0]] += contribution;
}
}
/**
* Update the best solution
*/
private void updateBest() {
if (bestTourOrder == null) {
bestTourOrder = ants[0].trail;
bestTourLength = ants[0].trailLength(graph);
}
for (Ant a : ants) {
if (a.trailLength(graph) < bestTourLength) {
bestTourLength = a.trailLength(graph);
bestTourOrder = a.trail.clone();
}
}
}
/**
* Clear trails after simulation
*/
private void clearTrails() {
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCities; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < numberOfCities; j++)
trails[i][j] = c;
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
package com.baeldung.concurrent.locks;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
public class ReentrantLockWithCondition {
static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ReentrantLockWithCondition.class);
Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
int CAPACITY = 5;
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition stackEmptyCondition = lock.newCondition();
Condition stackFullCondition = lock.newCondition();
public void pushToStack(String item) throws InterruptedException {
try {
lock.lock();
if (stack.size() == CAPACITY) {
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wait on stack full");
stackFullCondition.await();
}
logger.info("Pushing the item " + item);
stack.push(item);
stackEmptyCondition.signalAll();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public String popFromStack() throws InterruptedException {
try {
lock.lock();
if (stack.size() == 0) {
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wait on stack empty");
stackEmptyCondition.await();
}
return stack.pop();
} finally {
stackFullCondition.signalAll();
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int threadCount = 2;
ReentrantLockWithCondition object = new ReentrantLockWithCondition();
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
service.execute(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
object.pushToStack("Item " + i);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
service.execute(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
logger.info("Item popped " + object.popFromStack());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
service.shutdown();
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
package com.baeldung.concurrent.locks;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
public class SharedObjectWithLock {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SharedObjectWithLock.class);
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
int counter = 0;
public void perform() {
lock.lock();
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " acquired the lock");
try {
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " processing");
counter++;
} catch (Exception exception) {
logger.error(" Interrupted Exception ", exception);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " released the lock");
}
}
public void performTryLock() {
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " attempting to acquire the lock");
try {
boolean isLockAcquired = lock.tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (isLockAcquired) {
try {
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " acquired the lock");
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " processing");
sleep(1000);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " released the lock");
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
logger.error(" Interrupted Exception ", exception);
}
logger.info("Thread - " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " could not acquire the lock");
}
public ReentrantLock getLock() {
return lock;
}
boolean isLocked() {
return lock.isLocked();
}
boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
return lock.hasQueuedThreads();
}
int getCounter() {
return counter;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int threadCount = 2;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
final SharedObjectWithLock object = new SharedObjectWithLock();
service.execute(() -> {
object.perform();
});
service.execute(() -> {
object.performTryLock();
});
service.shutdown();
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
package com.baeldung.concurrent.locks;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
public class StampedLockDemo {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StampedLockDemo.class);
private final StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();
public void put(String key, String value) throws InterruptedException {
long stamp = lock.writeLock();
try {
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " acquired the write lock with stamp " + stamp);
map.put(key, value);
} finally {
lock.unlockWrite(stamp);
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " unlocked the write lock with stamp " + stamp);
}
}
public String get(String key) throws InterruptedException {
long stamp = lock.readLock();
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " acquired the read lock with stamp " + stamp);
try {
sleep(5000);
return map.get(key);
} finally {
lock.unlockRead(stamp);
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " unlocked the read lock with stamp " + stamp);
}
}
public String readWithOptimisticLock(String key) throws InterruptedException {
long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
String value = map.get(key);
if (!lock.validate(stamp)) {
stamp = lock.readLock();
try {
sleep(5000);
return map.get(key);
} finally {
lock.unlock(stamp);
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " unlocked the read lock with stamp " + stamp);
}
}
return value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int threadCount = 4;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
StampedLockDemo object = new StampedLockDemo();
Runnable writeTask = () -> {
try {
object.put("key1", "value1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
};
Runnable readTask = () -> {
try {
object.get("key1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
};
Runnable readOptimisticTask = () -> {
try {
object.readWithOptimisticLock("key1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
};
service.submit(writeTask);
service.submit(writeTask);
service.submit(readTask);
service.submit(readOptimisticTask);
service.shutdown();
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
package com.baeldung.concurrent.locks;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
public class SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock {
static Map<String, String> syncHashMap = new HashMap<>();
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock.class);
private final ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private final Lock readLock = lock.readLock();
private final Lock writeLock = lock.writeLock();
public void put(String key, String value) throws InterruptedException {
try {
writeLock.lock();
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " writing");
syncHashMap.put(key, value);
sleep(1000);
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
public String get(String key) {
try {
readLock.lock();
logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " reading");
return syncHashMap.get(key);
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}
public String remove(String key) {
try {
writeLock.lock();
return syncHashMap.remove(key);
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
public boolean containsKey(String key) {
try {
readLock.lock();
return syncHashMap.containsKey(key);
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}
boolean isReadLockAvailable() {
return readLock.tryLock();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final int threadCount = 3;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object = new SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock();
service.execute(new Thread(new Writer(object), "Writer"));
service.execute(new Thread(new Reader(object), "Reader1"));
service.execute(new Thread(new Reader(object), "Reader2"));
service.shutdown();
}
private static class Reader implements Runnable {
SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object;
public Reader(SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object) {
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
object.get("key" + i);
}
}
}
private static class Writer implements Runnable {
SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object;
public Writer(SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object) {
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
object.put("key" + i, "value" + i);
sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
package com.baeldung.list.listoflist;
public class Pen implements Stationery {
public String name;
public Pen(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
package com.baeldung.list.listoflist;
public class Pencil implements Stationery{
public String name;
public Pencil(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
package com.baeldung.list.listoflist;
public class Rubber implements Stationery {
public String name;
public Rubber(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
package com.baeldung.list.listoflist;
public interface Stationery {
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
package com.baeldung.algorithms;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.ant_colony.AntColonyOptimization;
public class AntColonyOptimizationTest {
@Test
public void testGenerateRandomMatrix() {
AntColonyOptimization antTSP = new AntColonyOptimization(5);
Assert.assertNotNull(antTSP.generateRandomMatrix(5));
}
@Test
public void testStartAntOptimization() {
AntColonyOptimization antTSP = new AntColonyOptimization(5);
Assert.assertNotNull(antTSP.startAntOptimization());
}
}

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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.algorithms;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.annealing.SimulatedAnnealing;
import com.baeldung.algorithms.ga.annealing.SimulatedAnnealing;
public class SimulatedAnnealingTest {

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@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
package com.baeldung.concurrent.locks;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
public class SharedObjectWithLockManualTest {
@Test
public void whenLockAcquired_ThenLockedIsTrue() {
final SharedObjectWithLock object = new SharedObjectWithLock();
final int threadCount = 2;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
executeThreads(object, threadCount, service);
assertEquals(true, object.isLocked());
service.shutdown();
}
@Test
public void whenLocked_ThenQueuedThread() {
final int threadCount = 4;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
final SharedObjectWithLock object = new SharedObjectWithLock();
executeThreads(object, threadCount, service);
assertEquals(object.hasQueuedThreads(), true);
service.shutdown();
}
public void whenTryLock_ThenQueuedThread() {
final SharedObjectWithLock object = new SharedObjectWithLock();
final int threadCount = 2;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
executeThreads(object, threadCount, service);
assertEquals(true, object.isLocked());
service.shutdown();
}
@Test
public void whenGetCount_ThenCorrectCount() throws InterruptedException {
final int threadCount = 4;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
final SharedObjectWithLock object = new SharedObjectWithLock();
executeThreads(object, threadCount, service);
Thread.sleep(1000);
assertEquals(object.getCounter(), 4);
service.shutdown();
}
private void executeThreads(SharedObjectWithLock object, int threadCount, ExecutorService service) {
for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
service.execute(() -> {
object.perform();
});
}
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
package com.baeldung.concurrent.locks;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.annotations.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
public class SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLockManualTest {
@Test
public void whenWriting_ThenNoReading() {
SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object = new SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock();
final int threadCount = 3;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
executeWriterThreads(object, threadCount, service);
assertEquals(object.isReadLockAvailable(), false);
service.shutdown();
}
@Test
public void whenReading_ThenMultipleReadingAllowed() {
SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object = new SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock();
final int threadCount = 5;
final ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
executeReaderThreads(object, threadCount, service);
assertEquals(object.isReadLockAvailable(), true);
service.shutdown();
}
private void executeWriterThreads(SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object, int threadCount, ExecutorService service) {
for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
service.execute(() -> {
try {
object.put("key" + threadCount, "value" + threadCount);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
private void executeReaderThreads(SynchronizedHashMapWithRWLock object, int threadCount, ExecutorService service) {
for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
service.execute(() -> {
object.get("key" + threadCount);
});
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
package com.baeldung.list.listoflist;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
public class ListOfListsTest {
private List<ArrayList<? extends Stationery>> listOfLists = new ArrayList<ArrayList<? extends Stationery>>();
private ArrayList<Pen> penList = new ArrayList<>();
private ArrayList<Pencil> pencilList = new ArrayList<>();
private ArrayList<Rubber> rubberList = new ArrayList<>();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Before
public void init() {
listOfLists.add(penList);
listOfLists.add(pencilList);
listOfLists.add(rubberList);
((ArrayList<Pen>) listOfLists.get(0)).add(new Pen("Pen 1"));
((ArrayList<Pencil>) listOfLists.get(1)).add(new Pencil("Pencil 1"));
((ArrayList<Rubber>) listOfLists.get(2)).add(new Rubber("Rubber 1"));
}
@Test
public void givenListOfLists_thenCheckNames() {
assertEquals("Pen 1", ((Pen) listOfLists.get(0)
.get(0)).getName());
assertEquals("Pencil 1", ((Pencil) listOfLists.get(1)
.get(0)).getName());
assertEquals("Rubber 1", ((Rubber) listOfLists.get(2)
.get(0)).getName());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
public void givenListOfLists_whenRemovingElements_thenCheckNames() {
((ArrayList<Pencil>) listOfLists.get(1)).remove(0);
listOfLists.remove(1);
assertEquals("Rubber 1", ((Rubber) listOfLists.get(1)
.get(0)).getName());
listOfLists.remove(0);
assertEquals("Rubber 1", ((Rubber) listOfLists.get(0)
.get(0)).getName());
}
@Test
public void givenThreeList_whenCombineIntoOneList_thenCheckList() {
ArrayList<Pen> pens = new ArrayList<>();
pens.add(new Pen("Pen 1"));
pens.add(new Pen("Pen 2"));
ArrayList<Pencil> pencils = new ArrayList<>();
pencils.add(new Pencil("Pencil 1"));
pencils.add(new Pencil("Pencil 2"));
ArrayList<Rubber> rubbers = new ArrayList<>();
rubbers.add(new Rubber("Rubber 1"));
rubbers.add(new Rubber("Rubber 2"));
List<ArrayList<? extends Stationery>> list = new ArrayList<ArrayList<? extends Stationery>>();
list.add(pens);
list.add(pencils);
list.add(rubbers);
assertEquals("Pen 1", ((Pen) list.get(0)
.get(0)).getName());
assertEquals("Pencil 1", ((Pencil) list.get(1)
.get(0)).getName());
assertEquals("Rubber 1", ((Rubber) list.get(2)
.get(0)).getName());
}
}