Merge branch 'master' into master

persistence-modules/java-jpa/README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 - [A Guide to SqlResultSetMapping](http://www.baeldung.com/jpa-sql-resultset-mapping)
 - [A Guide to Stored Procedures with JPA](http://www.baeldung.com/jpa-stored-procedures)
-- [Fixing the JPA error “java.lang.String cannot be cast to [Ljava.lang.String;”]](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-error-java-lang-string-cannot-be-cast) 
+- [Fixing the JPA error “java.lang.String cannot be cast to Ljava.lang.String;”](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-error-java-lang-string-cannot-be-cast)
 - [JPA Entity Graph](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-entity-graph)
 - [JPA 2.2 Support for Java 8 Date/Time Types](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-java-time)
 - [Converting Between LocalDate and SQL Date](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-localdate-sql-date)
 - [Combining JPA And/Or Criteria Predicates](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-and-or-criteria-predicates)
+- [Types of JPA Queries](https://www.baeldung.com/jpa-queries)

persistence-modules/java-jpa/pom.xml

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 
     <properties>
         <hibernate.version>5.4.0.Final</hibernate.version>
-        <h2.version>1.4.197</h2.version>
         <eclipselink.version>2.7.4-RC1</eclipselink.version>
         <postgres.version>42.2.5</postgres.version>
     </properties>

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/basicannotation/Course.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.basicannotation;
+
+import javax.persistence.Basic;
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.FetchType;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+
+@Entity
+public class Course {
+
+    @Id
+    private int id;
+
+    @Basic(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+    private String name;
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}
+

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/defaultvalues/User.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.defaultvalues;
+
+import javax.persistence.Column;
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import javax.persistence.Id;
+
+@Entity
+public class User {
+
+    @Id
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Column(columnDefinition = "varchar(255) default 'John Snow'")
+    private String name = "John Snow";
+
+    @Column(columnDefinition = "integer default 25")
+    private Integer age = 25;
+
+    @Column(columnDefinition = "boolean default false")
+    private Boolean locked = false;
+
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public Integer getAge() {
+        return age;
+    }
+
+    public void setAge(Integer age) {
+        this.age = age;
+    }
+
+    public Boolean getLocked() {
+        return locked;
+    }
+
+    public void setLocked(Boolean locked) {
+        this.locked = locked;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/defaultvalues/UserRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.defaultvalues;
+
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
+import javax.persistence.Persistence;
+
+public class UserRepository {
+
+    private EntityManagerFactory emf = null;
+
+    public UserRepository() {
+        emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("entity-default-values");
+    }
+
+    public User find(Long id) {
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+        User user = entityManager.find(User.class, id);
+        entityManager.close();
+        return user;
+    }
+
+    public void save(User user, Long id) {
+        user.setId(id);
+
+        EntityManager entityManager = emf.createEntityManager();
+        entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
+        entityManager.persist(user);
+        entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
+        entityManager.close();
+    }
+
+    public void clean() {
+        emf.close();
+    }
+
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/Article.java

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+import javax.persistence.*;
+
+@Entity
+public class Article {
+
+    @Id
+    private int id;
+
+    private String title;
+
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.ORDINAL)
+    private Status status;
+
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+    private Type type;
+
+    @Basic
+    private int priorityValue;
+
+    @Transient
+    private Priority priority;
+
+    private Category category;
+
+    public Article() {
+    }
+
+    @PostLoad
+    void fillTransient() {
+        if (priorityValue > 0) {
+            this.priority = Priority.of(priorityValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @PrePersist
+    void fillPersistent() {
+        if (priority != null) {
+            this.priorityValue = priority.getPriority();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getTitle() {
+        return title;
+    }
+
+    public void setTitle(String title) {
+        this.title = title;
+    }
+
+    public Status getStatus() {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    public void setStatus(Status status) {
+        this.status = status;
+    }
+
+    public Type getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    public void setType(Type type) {
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+
+    public Priority getPriority() {
+        return priority;
+    }
+
+    public void setPriority(Priority priority) {
+        this.priority = priority;
+    }
+
+    public Category getCategory() {
+        return category;
+    }
+
+    public void setCategory(Category category) {
+        this.category = category;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/Category.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public enum Category {
+    SPORT("S"), MUSIC("M"), TECHNOLOGY("T");
+
+    private String code;
+
+    Category(String code) {
+        this.code = code;
+    }
+
+    public String getCode() {
+        return code;
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/CategoryConverter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+import javax.persistence.AttributeConverter;
+import javax.persistence.Converter;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+@Converter(autoApply = true)
+public class CategoryConverter implements AttributeConverter<Category, String> {
+    @Override
+    public String convertToDatabaseColumn(Category category) {
+        if (category == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return category.getCode();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Category convertToEntityAttribute(final String code) {
+        if (code == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return Stream.of(Category.values())
+                .filter(c -> c.getCode().equals(code))
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/Priority.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+public enum Priority {
+    LOW(100), MEDIUM(200), HIGH(300);
+
+    private int priority;
+
+    private Priority(int priority) {
+        this.priority = priority;
+    }
+
+    public int getPriority() {
+        return priority;
+    }
+
+    public static Priority of(int priority) {
+        return Stream.of(Priority.values())
+                .filter(p -> p.getPriority() == priority)
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/Status.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+public enum Status {
+    OPEN, REVIEW, APPROVED, REJECTED;
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/Type.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+enum Type {
+    INTERNAL, EXTERNAL;
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml

@@ -1,153 +1,166 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
-             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence
-             http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_2.xsd"
-             version="2.2">
-
-    <persistence-unit name="java-jpa-scheduled-day">
-        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.sqlresultsetmapping.ScheduledDay</class>
-        <class>com.baeldung.sqlresultsetmapping.Employee</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
-                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test;INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'classpath:database.sql'"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/>
-            <!--<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />-->
-            <property name="show_sql" value="true"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-
-    <persistence-unit name="jpa-h2">
-        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.stringcast.Message</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:test"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
-            <property name="show_sql" value="true"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-
-    <persistence-unit name="jpa-db">
-        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.model.Car</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/baeldung"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="baeldung"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="YourPassword"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
-            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-
-    <persistence-unit name="entity-graph-pu" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Post</class>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.User</class>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Comment</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-
-            <!--H2-->
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
-                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:entitygraphdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE"/>
-
-            <property name="javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action" value="drop-and-create"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="data-init.sql"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-
-    <persistence-unit name="java8-datetime-postgresql" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
-        <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.datetime.JPA22DateTimeEntity</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/java8-datetime2"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="postgres"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="postgres"/>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action" value="drop-and-create"/>
-
-            <!-- configure logging -->
-            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="INFO"/>
-            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level.sql" value="FINE"/>
-            <property name="eclipselink.logging.parameters" value="true"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-    
-    <persistence-unit name="jpa-h2-criteria">
-        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.criteria.entity.Item</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver"
-                      value="org.h2.Driver" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
-                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect"
-                      value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
-            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
-            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
-            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults"
-                      value="false" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="item.sql"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-        
-    <persistence-unit name="jpa-query-types">
-        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.querytypes.UserEntity</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver"
-                      value="org.h2.Driver" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
-                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect"
-                      value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
-            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
-            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
-            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults"
-                      value="false" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="users.sql"/>
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-    
-    <persistence-unit name="jpa-entity-definition">
-        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
-        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entity.Student</class>
-        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
-        <properties>
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver"
-                      value="org.h2.Driver" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
-                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
-            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
-            <property name="hibernate.dialect"
-                      value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
-            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
-            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
-            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults"
-                      value="false" />
-        </properties>
-    </persistence-unit>
-
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
+             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence
+             http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_2.xsd"
+             version="2.2">
+
+    <persistence-unit name="java-jpa-scheduled-day">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.sqlresultsetmapping.ScheduledDay</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.sqlresultsetmapping.Employee</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
+                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test;INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'classpath:database.sql'"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/>
+            <!--<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />-->
+            <property name="show_sql" value="true"/>
+            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="jpa-h2">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.stringcast.Message</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.enums.Article</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.enums.CategoryConverter</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:test"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect"/>
+            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
+            <property name="show_sql" value="true"/>
+            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="jpa-db">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.model.Car</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/baeldung"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="baeldung"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="YourPassword"/>
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
+            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="entity-graph-pu" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Post</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.User</class>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entitygraph.model.Comment</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+
+            <!--H2-->
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
+                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:entitygraphdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE"/>
+
+            <property name="javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action" value="drop-and-create"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="data-init.sql"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="java8-datetime-postgresql" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
+        <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.datetime.JPA22DateTimeEntity</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/java8-datetime2"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="postgres"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="postgres"/>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action" value="drop-and-create"/>
+
+            <!-- configure logging -->
+            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="INFO"/>
+            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level.sql" value="FINE"/>
+            <property name="eclipselink.logging.parameters" value="true"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="jpa-h2-criteria">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.criteria.entity.Item</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver"
+                      value="org.h2.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
+                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect"
+                      value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
+            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
+            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults"
+                      value="false" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="item.sql"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="jpa-query-types">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.querytypes.UserEntity</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver"
+                      value="org.h2.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
+                      value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect"
+                      value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
+            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
+            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults"
+                      value="false" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.sql-load-script-source" value="users.sql"/>
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+
+    <persistence-unit name="entity-default-values">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.defaultvalues.User</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
+            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
+            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false" />
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
+    
+    <persistence-unit name="jpa-entity-definition">
+        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
+        <class>com.baeldung.jpa.entity.Student</class>
+        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
+        <properties>
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.h2.Driver" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:test" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="sa" />
+            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="" />
+            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
+            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
+            <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
+            <property name="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults" value="false" />
+        </properties>
+    </persistence-unit>
 </persistence>

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jpa/basicannotation/BasicAnnotationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.basicannotation;
+
+import org.hibernate.PropertyValueException;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
+import javax.persistence.Persistence;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class BasicAnnotationIntegrationTest {
+
+    private static EntityManager entityManager;
+    private static EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public void setup() {
+        entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("java-jpa-scheduled-day");
+        entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenACourse_whenCourseNamePresent_shouldPersist() {
+        Course course = new Course();
+        course.setName("Computers");
+
+        entityManager.persist(course);
+        entityManager.flush();
+        entityManager.clear();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = PropertyValueException.class)
+    public void givenACourse_whenCourseNameAbsent_shouldFail() {
+        Course course = new Course();
+
+        entityManager.persist(course);
+        entityManager.flush();
+        entityManager.clear();
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public void destroy() {
+
+        if (entityManager != null) {
+            entityManager.close();
+        }
+        if (entityManagerFactory != null) {
+            entityManagerFactory.close();
+        }
+    }
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jpa/defautlvalues/UserDefaultValuesUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.defaultvalues;
+
+import com.baeldung.jpa.defaultvalues.User;
+import com.baeldung.jpa.defaultvalues.UserRepository;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class UserDefaultValuesUnitTest {
+
+    private static UserRepository userRepository = null;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void once() {
+        userRepository = new UserRepository();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore // SQL default values are also defined
+    public void saveUser_shouldSaveWithDefaultFieldValues() {
+        User user = new User();
+        userRepository.save(user, 1L);
+
+        user = userRepository.find(1L);
+        assertEquals(user.getName(), "John Snow");
+        assertEquals(25, (int) user.getAge());
+        assertFalse(user.getLocked());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore // SQL default values are also defined
+    public void saveUser_shouldSaveWithNullName() {
+        User user = new User();
+        user.setName(null);
+        userRepository.save(user, 2L);
+
+        user = userRepository.find(2L);
+        assertNull(user.getName());
+        assertEquals(25, (int) user.getAge());
+        assertFalse(user.getLocked());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void saveUser_shouldSaveWithDefaultSqlValues() {
+        User user = new User();
+        userRepository.save(user, 3L);
+
+        user = userRepository.find(3L);
+        assertEquals(user.getName(), "John Snow");
+        assertEquals(25, (int) user.getAge());
+        assertFalse(user.getLocked());
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void destroy() {
+        userRepository.clean();
+    }
+
+}

persistence-modules/java-jpa/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jpa/enums/ArticleUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package com.baeldung.jpa.enums;
+
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
+import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
+import javax.persistence.Persistence;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class ArticleUnitTest {
+
+    private static EntityManager em;
+    private static EntityManagerFactory emFactory;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setup() {
+        Map properties = new HashMap();
+        properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
+        properties.put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
+        emFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa-h2", properties);
+        em = emFactory.createEntityManager();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPersistStatusEnumOrdinalValue() {
+        // given
+        Article article = new Article();
+        article.setId(1);
+        article.setTitle("ordinal title");
+        article.setStatus(Status.OPEN);
+
+        // when
+        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
+        tx.begin();
+        em.persist(article);
+        tx.commit();
+
+        // then
+        Article persistedArticle = em.find(Article.class, 1);
+
+        assertEquals(1, persistedArticle.getId());
+        assertEquals("ordinal title", persistedArticle.getTitle());
+        assertEquals(Status.OPEN, persistedArticle.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPersistTypeEnumStringValue() {
+        // given
+        Article article = new Article();
+        article.setId(2);
+        article.setTitle("string title");
+        article.setType(Type.EXTERNAL);
+
+        // when
+        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
+        tx.begin();
+        em.persist(article);
+        tx.commit();
+
+        // then
+        Article persistedArticle = em.find(Article.class, 2);
+
+        assertEquals(2, persistedArticle.getId());
+        assertEquals("string title", persistedArticle.getTitle());
+        assertEquals(Type.EXTERNAL, persistedArticle.getType());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPersistPriorityIntValue() {
+        // given
+        Article article = new Article();
+        article.setId(3);
+        article.setTitle("callback title");
+        article.setPriority(Priority.HIGH);
+
+        // when
+        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
+        tx.begin();
+        em.persist(article);
+        tx.commit();
+
+        // then
+        Article persistedArticle = em.find(Article.class, 3);
+
+        assertEquals(3, persistedArticle.getId());
+        assertEquals("callback title", persistedArticle.getTitle());
+        assertEquals(Priority.HIGH, persistedArticle.getPriority());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPersistCategoryEnumConvertedValue() {
+        // given
+        Article article = new Article();
+        article.setId(4);
+        article.setTitle("converted title");
+        article.setCategory(Category.MUSIC);
+
+        // when
+        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
+        tx.begin();
+        em.persist(article);
+        tx.commit();
+
+        // then
+        Article persistedArticle = em.find(Article.class, 4);
+
+        assertEquals(4, persistedArticle.getId());
+        assertEquals("converted title", persistedArticle.getTitle());
+        assertEquals(Category.MUSIC, persistedArticle.getCategory());
+    }
+
+}