new formatter

Co-authored-by: Tapan Avasthi <tavasthi@Tapans-MacBook-Air.local>

.gitignore

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ jmeter/src/main/resources/*-JMeter*.csv
 jmeter/src/main/resources/*ReportsDashboard*.csv
 jmeter/src/main/resources/dashboard/*ReportsDashboard*.csv
 jmeter/src/main/resources/*FileExtractionExample.csv
+jmeter/src/main/resources/*_Summary-Report.csv
 
 ninja/devDb.mv.db
 
@@ -120,4 +121,7 @@ libraries-2/src/test/resources/crawler4j/**
 devDb*.db
 
 #jaxb
-*.xjb
+*.xjb
+
+#neo4j
+persistence-modules/neo4j/data/**

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-3/README.md

@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
 - [Java Two Pointer Technique](https://www.baeldung.com/java-two-pointer-technique)
 - [Implementing Simple State Machines with Java Enums](https://www.baeldung.com/java-enum-simple-state-machine)
 - [Converting Between Roman and Arabic Numerals in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-roman-arabic)
-- [Practical Java Examples of the Big O Notation](https://www.baeldung.com/java-algorithm-complexity)
 - [Checking If a List Is Sorted in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-check-if-list-sorted)
-- [Checking if a Java Graph has a Cycle](https://www.baeldung.com/java-graph-has-a-cycle)
+- [Checking if a Java Graph Has a Cycle](https://www.baeldung.com/java-graph-has-a-cycle)
 - [A Guide to the Folding Technique in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/folding-hashing-technique)
 - [Creating a Triangle with for Loops in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-print-triangle)
 - [The K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-k-means-clustering-algorithm)

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-4/README.md

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
 ### Relevant articles:
 
 - [Multi-Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-multi-swarm-algorithm)
-- [Check If a String Contains All The Letters of The Alphabet with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-contains-all-letters)
+- [Check if a String Contains All the Letters of the Alphabet With Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-contains-all-letters)
 - [Find the Middle Element of a Linked List in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-linked-list-middle-element)
 - [Find Substrings That Are Palindromes in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-palindrome-substrings)
-- [Find the Longest Substring without Repeating Characters](https://www.baeldung.com/java-longest-substring-without-repeated-characters)
+- [Find the Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters](https://www.baeldung.com/java-longest-substring-without-repeated-characters)
 - [Permutations of an Array in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-array-permutations)
 - [Find the Smallest Missing Integer in an Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-smallest-missing-integer-in-array)
 - [Permutations of a String in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-string-permutations)

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/README.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This module contains articles about algorithms. Some classes of algorithms, e.g.
 - [Reversing a Binary Tree in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-reversing-a-binary-tree)
 - [Find If Two Numbers Are Relatively Prime in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-two-relatively-prime-numbers)
 - [Knapsack Problem Implementation in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-knapsack)
-- [How to Determine if a Binary Tree is Balanced in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-balanced-binary-tree)
+- [How to Determine if a Binary Tree Is Balanced in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-balanced-binary-tree)
 - [Overview of Combinatorial Problems in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-combinatorial-algorithms)
 - [Prim’s Algorithm with a Java Implementation](https://www.baeldung.com/java-prim-algorithm)
 - [Maximum Subarray Problem in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-maximum-subarray)

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingDeque.java

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ public class BalancedBracketsUsingDeque {
             if (ch == '{' || ch == '[' || ch == '(') {
                 deque.addFirst(ch);
             } else {
-                if (!deque.isEmpty() && ((deque.peekFirst() == '{' && ch == '}') || (deque.peekFirst() == '[' && ch == ']') || (deque.peekFirst() == '(' && ch == ')'))) {
+                if (!deque.isEmpty() && ((deque.peekFirst() == '{' && ch == '}') || (deque.peekFirst() == '[' && ch == ']') || (deque.peekFirst() == '(' &&
+                    ch == ')'))) {
                     deque.removeFirst();
                 } else {
                     return false;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingString.java

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ public class BalancedBracketsUsingString {
         }
 
         while (str.contains("()") || str.contains("[]") || str.contains("{}")) {
-            str = str.replaceAll("\\(\\)", "")
-                .replaceAll("\\[\\]", "")
-                .replaceAll("\\{\\}", "");
+            str = str.replaceAll("\\(\\)", "").replaceAll("\\[\\]", "").replaceAll("\\{\\}", "");
         }
         return (str.length() == 0);
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/boruvka/BoruvkaMST.java

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import com.google.common.graph.ValueGraphBuilder;
 
 public class BoruvkaMST {
 
-    private static MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> mst = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected()
-        .build();
+    private static MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> mst = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected().build();
     private static int totalWeight;
 
     public BoruvkaMST(MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> graph) {
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ public class BoruvkaMST {
 
         // repeat at most log N times or until we have N-1 edges
         for (int t = 1; t < size && mst.edges().size() < size - 1; t = t + t) {
-            
+
             EndpointPair<Integer>[] closestEdgeArray = new EndpointPair[size];
 
             // foreach tree in graph, find closest edge
@@ -69,13 +68,9 @@ public class BoruvkaMST {
         }
     }
 
-    public MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> getMST() {
-        return mst;
-    }
+    public MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> getMST() { return mst; }
 
-    public int getTotalWeight() {
-        return totalWeight;
-    }
+    public int getTotalWeight() { return totalWeight; }
 
     public String toString() {
         return "MST: " + mst.toString() + " | Total Weight: " + totalWeight;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/boruvka/UnionFind.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.boruvka;
 
 public class UnionFind {
+
     private int[] parents;
     private int[] ranks;
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/caesarcipher/CaesarCipher.java

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ public class CaesarCipher {
     private static final char LETTER_A = 'a';
     private static final char LETTER_Z = 'z';
     private static final int ALPHABET_SIZE = LETTER_Z - LETTER_A + 1;
-    private static final double[] ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES = {0.073, 0.009, 0.030, 0.044, 0.130, 0.028, 0.016, 0.035, 0.074, 0.002, 0.003, 0.035, 0.025, 0.078, 0.074, 0.027, 0.003, 0.077, 0.063, 0.093, 0.027, 0.013, 0.016, 0.005, 0.019, 0.001};
+    private static final double[] ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES = { 0.073, 0.009, 0.030, 0.044, 0.130, 0.028, 0.016, 0.035, 0.074, 0.002, 0.003, 0.035, 0.025,
+        0.078, 0.074, 0.027, 0.003, 0.077, 0.063, 0.093, 0.027, 0.013, 0.016, 0.005, 0.019, 0.001 };
 
     public String cipher(String message, int offset) {
         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
@@ -57,21 +58,15 @@ public class CaesarCipher {
     }
 
     private long[] observedLettersFrequencies(String message) {
-        return IntStream.rangeClosed(LETTER_A, LETTER_Z)
-          .mapToLong(letter -> countLetter((char) letter, message))
-          .toArray();
+        return IntStream.rangeClosed(LETTER_A, LETTER_Z).mapToLong(letter -> countLetter((char) letter, message)).toArray();
     }
 
     private long countLetter(char letter, String message) {
-        return message.chars()
-          .filter(character -> character == letter)
-          .count();
+        return message.chars().filter(character -> character == letter).count();
     }
 
     private double[] expectedLettersFrequencies(int messageLength) {
-        return Arrays.stream(ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES)
-          .map(probability -> probability * messageLength)
-          .toArray();
+        return Arrays.stream(ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES).map(probability -> probability * messageLength).toArray();
     }
 
     private int probableOffset(double[] chiSquares) {

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/Follower.java

@@ -4,17 +4,19 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 
 public class Follower {
 
-    @Getter String username;
-    @Getter long count;
-    
+    @Getter
+    String username;
+    @Getter
+    long count;
+
     public Follower(String username, long count) {
         super();
         this.username = username;
         this.count = count;
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "User: " + username + ", Followers: " + count + "\n\r" ; 
+        return "User: " + username + ", Followers: " + count + "\n\r";
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/FollowersPath.java

@@ -7,38 +7,32 @@ public class FollowersPath {
 
     private List<Follower> accounts;
     private long count;
-    
+
     public FollowersPath() {
         super();
         this.accounts = new ArrayList<>();
     }
-    
-    public List<Follower> getAccounts() {
-        return accounts;
-    }
-    public long getCount() {
-        return count;
-    }
-    
+
+    public List<Follower> getAccounts() { return accounts; }
+
+    public long getCount() { return count; }
+
     public void addFollower(String username, long count) {
         accounts.add(new Follower(username, count));
     }
-    
+
     public void addCount(long count) {
         this.count += count;
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         String details = "";
-        for(Follower a : accounts) {
-            details+=a.toString() + ", ";
+        for (Follower a : accounts) {
+            details += a.toString() + ", ";
         }
-        
-        return "Total: " + count + ", \n\r" +
-                " Details: { " + "\n\r" + 
-                details + "\n\r" + 
-                " }";
+
+        return "Total: " + count + ", \n\r" + " Details: { " + "\n\r" + details + "\n\r" + " }";
     }
-    
+
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/GreedyAlgorithm.java

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ import java.util.List;
 public class GreedyAlgorithm {
 
     int currentLevel = 0;
-    final int maxLevel = 3; 
+    final int maxLevel = 3;
     SocialConnector sc;
     FollowersPath fp;
-    
+
     public GreedyAlgorithm(SocialConnector sc) {
         super();
         this.sc = sc;
         this.fp = new FollowersPath();
     }
-    
+
     public long findMostFollowersPath(String account) {
         long max = 0;
         SocialUser toFollow = null;
-        
+
         List<SocialUser> followers = sc.getFollowers(account);
         for (SocialUser el : followers) {
             long followersCount = el.getFollowersCount();
@@ -27,17 +27,15 @@ public class GreedyAlgorithm {
                 max = followersCount;
             }
         }
-        
+
         if (currentLevel < maxLevel - 1) {
             currentLevel++;
             max += findMostFollowersPath(toFollow.getUsername());
             return max;
         } else {
             return max;
-        }            
-    }
-    
-    public FollowersPath getFollowers() {
-        return fp;
+        }
     }
+
+    public FollowersPath getFollowers() { return fp; }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/NonGreedyAlgorithm.java

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ import java.util.List;
 public class NonGreedyAlgorithm {
 
     int currentLevel = 0;
-    final int maxLevel = 3; 
+    final int maxLevel = 3;
     SocialConnector tc;
-    
+
     public NonGreedyAlgorithm(SocialConnector tc, int level) {
         super();
         this.tc = tc;
         this.currentLevel = level;
     }
-      
+
     public long findMostFollowersPath(String account) {
         List<SocialUser> followers = tc.getFollowers(account);
         long total = currentLevel > 0 ? followers.size() : 0;
 
-        if (currentLevel < maxLevel ) {
+        if (currentLevel < maxLevel) {
             currentLevel++;
 
             long[] count = new long[followers.size()];
@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ public class NonGreedyAlgorithm {
                 count[i] = sub.findMostFollowersPath(el.getUsername());
                 i++;
             }
-            
+
             long max = 0;
             for (; i > 0; i--) {
-                if (count[i-1] > max )
-                    max = count[i-1];
+                if (count[i - 1] > max)
+                    max = count[i - 1];
             }
-            
+
             return total + max;
         }
-        
+
         return total;
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/SocialConnector.java

@@ -7,25 +7,29 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.Setter;
 
 public class SocialConnector {
+
     private boolean isCounterEnabled = true;
     private int counter = 4;
-    @Getter @Setter List<SocialUser> users;
-    
+    @Getter
+    @Setter
+    List<SocialUser> users;
+
     public SocialConnector() {
         users = new ArrayList<>();
     }
-    
+
     public boolean switchCounter() {
         this.isCounterEnabled = !this.isCounterEnabled;
         return this.isCounterEnabled;
     }
-    
+
     public List<SocialUser> getFollowers(String account) {
         if (counter < 0)
-            throw new IllegalStateException ("API limit reached");
+            throw new IllegalStateException("API limit reached");
         else {
-            if(this.isCounterEnabled) counter--;
-            for(SocialUser user : users) {
+            if (this.isCounterEnabled)
+                counter--;
+            for (SocialUser user : users) {
                 if (user.getUsername().equals(account)) {
                     return user.getFollowers();
                 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/SocialUser.java

@@ -7,32 +7,32 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 
 public class SocialUser {
 
-    @Getter private String username;
-    @Getter private List<SocialUser> followers;
+    @Getter
+    private String username;
+    @Getter
+    private List<SocialUser> followers;
 
     public SocialUser(String username) {
         super();
         this.username = username;
         this.followers = new ArrayList<>();
     }
-    
+
     public SocialUser(String username, List<SocialUser> followers) {
         super();
         this.username = username;
         this.followers = followers;
     }
-    
-    public long getFollowersCount() {
-        return followers.size();
-    }
-    
+
+    public long getFollowersCount() { return followers.size(); }
+
     public void addFollowers(List<SocialUser> followers) {
         this.followers.addAll(followers);
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
         return ((SocialUser) obj).getUsername().equals(username);
     }
-    
+
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kruskal/DisjointSetInfo.java

@@ -10,19 +10,11 @@ public class DisjointSetInfo {
         setRank(1);
     }
 
-    public Integer getParentNode() {
-        return parentNode;
-    }
+    public Integer getParentNode() { return parentNode; }
 
-    public void setParentNode(Integer parentNode) {
-        this.parentNode = parentNode;
-    }
+    public void setParentNode(Integer parentNode) { this.parentNode = parentNode; }
 
-    public int getRank() {
-        return rank;
-    }
+    public int getRank() { return rank; }
 
-    public void setRank(int rank) {
-        this.rank = rank;
-    }
+    public void setRank(int rank) { this.rank = rank; }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/ListNode.java

@@ -10,19 +10,11 @@ public class ListNode {
         this.next = null;
     }
 
-    public int getData() {
-        return data;
-    }
+    public int getData() { return data; }
 
-    public ListNode getNext() {
-        return next;
-    }
+    public ListNode getNext() { return next; }
 
-    public void setData(int data) {
-        this.data = data;
-    }
+    public void setData(int data) { this.data = data; }
 
-    public void setNext(ListNode next) {
-        this.next = next;
-    }
+    public void setNext(ListNode next) { this.next = next; }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/minheapmerge/MinHeap.java

@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ public class MinHeap {
         return (2 * index + 2);
     }
 
-    HeapNode getRootNode() {
-        return heapNodes[0];
-    }
+    HeapNode getRootNode() { return heapNodes[0]; }
 
     void heapifyFromRoot() {
         heapify(0);
@@ -58,7 +56,7 @@ public class MinHeap {
         heapNodes[i] = heapNodes[j];
         heapNodes[j] = temp;
     }
-    
+
     static int[] merge(int[][] array) {
         HeapNode[] heapNodes = new HeapNode[array.length];
         int resultingArraySize = 0;
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ public class MinHeap {
             heapNodes[i] = node;
             resultingArraySize += array[i].length;
         }
-        
+
         MinHeap minHeap = new MinHeap(heapNodes);
         int[] resultingArray = new int[resultingArraySize];
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Board.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class Board {
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Board.class);
 
     private final int[][] board;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ public class Board {
     private final int score;
 
     public Board(int size) {
-        assert(size > 0);
+        assert (size > 0);
 
         this.board = new int[size][];
         this.score = 0;
@@ -38,19 +39,15 @@ public class Board {
         }
     }
 
-    public int getSize() {
-        return board.length;
-    }
+    public int getSize() { return board.length; }
 
-    public int getScore() {
-        return score;
-    }
+    public int getScore() { return score; }
 
     public int getCell(Cell cell) {
         int x = cell.getX();
         int y = cell.getY();
-        assert(x >= 0 && x < board.length);
-        assert(y >= 0 && y < board.length);
+        assert (x >= 0 && x < board.length);
+        assert (y >= 0 && y < board.length);
 
         return board[x][y];
     }
@@ -90,7 +87,8 @@ public class Board {
         }
 
         LOG.debug("Before move: {}", Arrays.deepToString(tiles));
-        // If we're doing an Left/Right move then transpose the board to make it a Up/Down move
+        // If we're doing an Left/Right move then transpose the board to make it a
+        // Up/Down move
         if (move == Move.LEFT || move == Move.RIGHT) {
             tiles = transpose(tiles);
             LOG.debug("After transpose: {}", Arrays.deepToString(tiles));

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Cell.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.algorithms.play2048;
 import java.util.StringJoiner;
 
 public class Cell {
+
     private int x;
     private int y;
 
@@ -11,13 +12,9 @@ public class Cell {
         this.y = y;
     }
 
-    public int getX() {
-        return x;
-    }
+    public int getX() { return x; }
 
-    public int getY() {
-        return y;
-    }
+    public int getY() { return y; }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Computer.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class Computer {
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Computer.class);
 
     private final SecureRandom rng = new SecureRandom();

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Human.java

@@ -12,69 +12,57 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class Human {
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Human.class);
 
     public Board makeMove(Board input) {
         // For each move in MOVE
-        //   Generate board from move
-        //   Generate Score for Board
+        // Generate board from move
+        // Generate Score for Board
         // Return board with the best score
         //
         // Generate Score
-        //   If Depth Limit
-        //     Return Final Score
-        //   Total Score = 0
-        //   For every empty square in new board
-        //     Generate board with "2" in square
-        //       Calculate Score
-        //       Total Score += (Score * 0.9)
-        //     Generate board with "4" in square
-        //       Calculate Score
-        //       Total Score += (Score * 0.1)
+        // If Depth Limit
+        // Return Final Score
+        // Total Score = 0
+        // For every empty square in new board
+        // Generate board with "2" in square
+        // Calculate Score
+        // Total Score += (Score * 0.9)
+        // Generate board with "4" in square
+        // Calculate Score
+        // Total Score += (Score * 0.1)
         //
         // Calculate Score
-        //   For each move in MOVE
-        //     Generate board from move
-        //     Generate score for board
-        //   Return the best generated score
+        // For each move in MOVE
+        // Generate board from move
+        // Generate score for board
+        // Return the best generated score
 
-        return Arrays.stream(Move.values())
-            .parallel()
-            .map(input::move)
-            .filter(board -> !board.equals(input))
-            .max(Comparator.comparingInt(board -> generateScore(board, 0)))
-            .orElse(input);
+        return Arrays.stream(Move.values()).parallel().map(input::move).filter(board -> !board.equals(input)).max(Comparator.comparingInt(board -> generateScore(board,
+                                                                                                                                                                 0))).orElse(input);
     }
 
     private int generateScore(Board board, int depth) {
         if (depth >= 3) {
             int finalScore = calculateFinalScore(board);
-            LOG.debug("Final score for board {}: {}", board,finalScore);
+            LOG.debug("Final score for board {}: {}", board, finalScore);
             return finalScore;
         }
 
-        return board.emptyCells().stream()
-            .parallel()
-            .flatMap(cell -> Stream.of(new Pair<>(cell, 2), new Pair<>(cell, 4)))
-            .mapToInt(move -> {
-                LOG.debug("Simulating move {} at depth {}", move, depth);
-                Board newBoard = board.placeTile(move.getFirst(), move.getSecond());
-                int boardScore = calculateScore(newBoard, depth + 1);
-                int calculatedScore = (int) (boardScore * (move.getSecond() == 2 ? 0.9 : 0.1));
-                LOG.debug("Calculated score for board {} and move {} at depth {}: {}", newBoard, move, depth, calculatedScore);
-                return calculatedScore;
-            })
-            .sum();
+        return board.emptyCells().stream().parallel().flatMap(cell -> Stream.of(new Pair<>(cell, 2), new Pair<>(cell, 4))).mapToInt(move -> {
+            LOG.debug("Simulating move {} at depth {}", move, depth);
+            Board newBoard = board.placeTile(move.getFirst(), move.getSecond());
+            int boardScore = calculateScore(newBoard, depth + 1);
+            int calculatedScore = (int) (boardScore * (move.getSecond() == 2 ? 0.9 : 0.1));
+            LOG.debug("Calculated score for board {} and move {} at depth {}: {}", newBoard, move, depth, calculatedScore);
+            return calculatedScore;
+        }).sum();
     }
 
     private int calculateScore(Board board, int depth) {
-        return Arrays.stream(Move.values())
-            .parallel()
-            .map(board::move)
-            .filter(moved -> !moved.equals(board))
-            .mapToInt(newBoard -> generateScore(newBoard, depth))
-            .max()
-            .orElse(0);
+        return Arrays.stream(Move.values()).parallel().map(board::move).filter(moved -> !moved.equals(board)).mapToInt(newBoard -> generateScore(newBoard,
+                                                                                                                                                 depth)).max().orElse(0);
     }
 
     private int calculateFinalScore(Board board) {
@@ -92,35 +80,30 @@ public class Human {
             rowsToScore.add(col);
         }
 
-        return rowsToScore.stream()
-            .parallel()
-            .mapToInt(row -> {
-                List<Integer> preMerged = row.stream()
-                    .filter(value -> value != 0)
-                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        return rowsToScore.stream().parallel().mapToInt(row -> {
+            List<Integer> preMerged = row.stream().filter(value -> value != 0).collect(Collectors.toList());
 
-                int numMerges = 0;
-                int monotonicityLeft = 0;
-                int monotonicityRight = 0;
-                for (int i = 0; i < preMerged.size() - 1; ++i) {
-                    Integer first = preMerged.get(i);
-                    Integer second = preMerged.get(i + 1);
-                    if (first.equals(second)) {
-                        ++numMerges;
-                    } else if (first > second) {
-                        monotonicityLeft += first - second;
-                    } else {
-                        monotonicityRight += second - first;
-                    }
+            int numMerges = 0;
+            int monotonicityLeft = 0;
+            int monotonicityRight = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < preMerged.size() - 1; ++i) {
+                Integer first = preMerged.get(i);
+                Integer second = preMerged.get(i + 1);
+                if (first.equals(second)) {
+                    ++numMerges;
+                } else if (first > second) {
+                    monotonicityLeft += first - second;
+                } else {
+                    monotonicityRight += second - first;
                 }
+            }
 
-                int score = 1000;
-                score += 250 * row.stream().filter(value -> value == 0).count();
-                score += 750 * numMerges;
-                score -= 10 * row.stream().mapToInt(value -> value).sum();
-                score -= 50 * Math.min(monotonicityLeft, monotonicityRight);
-                return score;
-            })
-            .sum();
+            int score = 1000;
+            score += 250 * row.stream().filter(value -> value == 0).count();
+            score += 750 * numMerges;
+            score -= 10 * row.stream().mapToInt(value -> value).sum();
+            score -= 50 * Math.min(monotonicityLeft, monotonicityRight);
+            return score;
+        }).sum();
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Play2048.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.play2048;
 
 public class Play2048 {
+
     private static final int SIZE = 4;
     private static final int INITIAL_NUMBERS = 2;
 
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ public class Play2048 {
         topLines.append("+");
         midLines.append("|");
 
-
         for (int y = 0; y < board.getSize(); ++y) {
             System.out.println(topLines);
             System.out.println(midLines);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinder.java

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public interface TopKElementsFinder<T extends Comparable<T>> {
+
     List<T> findTopK(List<T> input, int k);
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingDequeUnitTest.java

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.balancedbrackets;
 
-
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class BalancedBracketsUsingDequeUnitTest {
+
     private BalancedBracketsUsingDeque balancedBracketsUsingDeque;
 
     @BeforeEach

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingStringUnitTest.java

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.balancedbrackets;
 
-
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 class BalancedBracketsUsingStringUnitTest {
+
     private BalancedBracketsUsingString balancedBracketsUsingString;
 
     @BeforeEach

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/boruvka/BoruvkaUnitTest.java

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ class BoruvkaUnitTest {
 
     @BeforeEach
     public void setup() {
-        graph = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected()
-            .build();
+        graph = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected().build();
         graph.putEdgeValue(0, 1, 8);
         graph.putEdgeValue(0, 2, 5);
         graph.putEdgeValue(1, 2, 9);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/caesarcipher/CaesarCipherUnitTest.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 class CaesarCipherUnitTest {
+
     private static final String SENTENCE = "he told me i could never teach a llama to drive";
     private static final String SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE = "kh wrog ph l frxog qhyhu whdfk d oodpd wr gulyh";
     private static final String SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN = "ro dyvn wo s myevn xofob dokmr k vvkwk dy nbsfo";
@@ -15,69 +16,59 @@ class CaesarCipherUnitTest {
     void givenSentenceAndShiftThree_whenCipher_thenCipheredMessageWithoutOverflow() {
         String cipheredSentence = algorithm.cipher(SENTENCE, 3);
 
-        assertThat(cipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE);
+        assertThat(cipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceAndShiftTen_whenCipher_thenCipheredMessageWithOverflow() {
         String cipheredSentence = algorithm.cipher(SENTENCE, 10);
 
-        assertThat(cipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
+        assertThat(cipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceAndShiftThirtySix_whenCipher_thenCipheredLikeTenMessageWithOverflow() {
         String cipheredSentence = algorithm.cipher(SENTENCE, 36);
 
-        assertThat(cipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
+        assertThat(cipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedThreeAndShiftThree_whenDecipher_thenOriginalSentenceWithoutOverflow() {
         String decipheredSentence = algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE, 3);
 
-        assertThat(decipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(decipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedTenAndShiftTen_whenDecipher_thenOriginalSentenceWithOverflow() {
         String decipheredSentence = algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, 10);
 
-        assertThat(decipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(decipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedTenAndShiftThirtySix_whenDecipher_thenOriginalSentenceWithOverflow() {
         String decipheredSentence = algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, 36);
 
-        assertThat(decipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(decipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedThree_whenBreakCipher_thenOriginalSentence() {
         int offset = algorithm.breakCipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE);
 
-        assertThat(offset)
-          .isEqualTo(3);
+        assertThat(offset).isEqualTo(3);
 
-        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE, offset))
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE, offset)).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedTen_whenBreakCipher_thenOriginalSentence() {
         int offset = algorithm.breakCipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
 
-        assertThat(offset)
-          .isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(offset).isEqualTo(10);
 
-        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, offset))
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, offset)).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/gradientdescent/GradientDescentUnitTest.java

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ class GradientDescentUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     void givenFunction_whenStartingPointIsOne_thenLocalMinimumIsFound() {
-        Function<Double, Double> df = x ->
-            StrictMath.abs(StrictMath.pow(x, 3)) - (3 * StrictMath.pow(x, 2)) + x;
+        Function<Double, Double> df = x -> StrictMath.abs(StrictMath.pow(x, 3)) - (3 * StrictMath.pow(x, 2)) + x;
         GradientDescent gd = new GradientDescent();
         double res = gd.findLocalMinimum(df, 1);
         assertTrue(res > 1.78);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-
-
 class GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest {
 
     private SocialConnector prepareNetwork() {
@@ -22,16 +20,15 @@ class GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest {
         SocialUser child31 = new SocialUser("child31");
         SocialUser child311 = new SocialUser("child311");
         SocialUser child3111 = new SocialUser("child3111");
-        child211.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child2111}));
-        child311.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child3111}));
-        child21.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child211}));
-        child31.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child311, 
-          new SocialUser("child312"), new SocialUser("child313"), new SocialUser("child314")}));
-        child1.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{new SocialUser("child11"), new SocialUser("child12")}));
-        child2.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child21, new SocialUser("child22"), new SocialUser("child23")}));
-        child3.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child31}));
-        root.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child1, child2, child3}));
-        sc.setUsers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{root, child1, child2, child3, child21, child31, child311, child211}));
+        child211.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child2111 }));
+        child311.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child3111 }));
+        child21.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child211 }));
+        child31.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child311, new SocialUser("child312"), new SocialUser("child313"), new SocialUser("child314") }));
+        child1.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { new SocialUser("child11"), new SocialUser("child12") }));
+        child2.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child21, new SocialUser("child22"), new SocialUser("child23") }));
+        child3.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child31 }));
+        root.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child1, child2, child3 }));
+        sc.setUsers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { root, child1, child2, child3, child21, child31, child311, child211 }));
         return sc;
     }
 
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ class GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest {
         NonGreedyAlgorithm nga = new NonGreedyAlgorithm(prepareNetwork(), 0);
         assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
             nga.findMostFollowersPath("root");
-          });
+        });
     }
 
     @Test

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kruskal/KruskalUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.kruskal;
 
-
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversalUnitTest.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class LinkedListReversalUnitTest {
+
     @Test
     void givenLinkedList_whenIterativeReverse_thenOutputCorrectResult() {
         ListNode head = constructLinkedList();

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/minheapmerge/MinHeapUnitTest.java

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ class MinHeapUnitTest {
     @Test
     void givenSortedArrays_whenMerged_thenShouldReturnASingleSortedarray() {
         int[] resultArray = MinHeap.merge(inputArray);
-        
+
         assertThat(resultArray.length, is(equalTo(10)));
         assertThat(resultArray, is(equalTo(expectedArray)));
     }
-    
+
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinderUnitTest.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Java6Assertions.assertThat;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class TopKElementsFinderUnitTest {
+
     private final TopKElementsFinder<Integer> bruteForceFinder = new BruteForceTopKElementsFinder();
     private final TopKElementsFinder<Integer> maxHeapFinder = new MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder();
     private final TopKElementsFinder<Integer> treeSetFinder = new TreeSetTopKElementsFinder();
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ class TopKElementsFinderUnitTest {
     private final List<Integer> nonDistinctIntegers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 3, 9, 9, 7, 6, 12);
     private final List<Integer> nonDistinctIntegersTopK = Arrays.asList(9, 9, 7, 12);
 
-
     @Test
     void givenArrayDistinctIntegers_whenBruteForceFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
         assertThat(bruteForceFinder.findTopK(distinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(distinctIntegersTopK);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-searching/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/dfs/Graph.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public class Graph {
         adjVertices.get(src).add(dest);
     }
 
-    public void dfsWithoutRecursion(int start) {
+    public boolean[] dfsWithoutRecursion(int start) {
         Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<Integer>();
         boolean[] isVisited = new boolean[adjVertices.size()];
         stack.push(start);
@@ -38,20 +38,22 @@ public class Graph {
                 }
             }
         }
+        return isVisited;
     }
 
-    public void dfs(int start) {
+    public boolean[] dfs(int start) {
         boolean[] isVisited = new boolean[adjVertices.size()];
-        dfsRecursive(start, isVisited);
+        return dfsRecursive(start, isVisited);
     }
 
-    private void dfsRecursive(int current, boolean[] isVisited) {
+    private boolean[] dfsRecursive(int current, boolean[] isVisited) {
         isVisited[current] = true;
         visit(current);
         for (int dest : adjVertices.get(current)) {
             if (!isVisited[dest])
                 dfsRecursive(dest, isVisited);
         }
+        return isVisited;
     }
 
     public List<Integer> topologicalSort(int start) {

algorithms-modules/algorithms-searching/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/dfs/GraphUnitTest.java

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.dfs;
 
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
+import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class GraphUnitTest {
@@ -9,9 +11,12 @@ class GraphUnitTest {
     @Test
     void givenDirectedGraph_whenDFS_thenPrintAllValues() {
         Graph graph = createDirectedGraph();
-        graph.dfs(0);
-        System.out.println();
-        graph.dfsWithoutRecursion(0);
+        boolean[] visited;
+        visited = graph.dfs(0);
+        boolean[] expected = new boolean[]{true, true, true, true, true, true};
+        Assert.assertArrayEquals(expected, visited);
+        visited = graph.dfsWithoutRecursion(0);
+        Assert.assertArrayEquals(expected, visited);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -19,6 +24,8 @@ class GraphUnitTest {
         Graph graph = createDirectedGraph();
         List<Integer> list = graph.topologicalSort(0);
         System.out.println(list);
+        List<Integer> expected = Arrays.asList(0, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5);
+        Assert.assertEquals(expected, list);
     }
 
     private Graph createDirectedGraph() {

apache-cxf-modules/sse-jaxrs/README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
 
-- [Server-Sent Events (SSE) In JAX-RS](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ee-jax-rs-sse)
+- [Server-Sent Events (SSE) in JAX-RS](https://www.baeldung.com/java-ee-jax-rs-sse)

apache-httpclient-2/README.md

@@ -13,5 +13,4 @@ The "REST With Spring" Classes: http://bit.ly/restwithspring
 - [How To Get Cookies From the Apache HttpClient Response](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-httpclient-cookies)
 - [Enabling Logging for Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-enable-logging)
 - [Apache HttpClient vs. CloseableHttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-vs-closeablehttpclient)
-- [Expand Shortened URLs with Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-expand-url)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../apache-httpclient)

apache-httpclient-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/ClientUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
+
+public final class ClientUtil {
+
+    private ClientUtil(){}
+
+    public static void closeClient(CloseableHttpClient client) throws IOException {
+        if (client == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        client.close();
+    }
+}

apache-httpclient-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/HttpClientCookBookLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.emptyArray;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.config.ConnectionConfig;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.BasicHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.Header;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.NameValuePair;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+class HttpClientCookBookLiveTest {
+
+    private static final String SAMPLE_GET_URL = "http://www.google.com";
+    private static final String SAMPLE_POST_URL = "http://www.github.com";
+
+    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
+
+    private CloseableHttpResponse response;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public final void before() {
+        httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public final void after() throws IOException {
+       ClientUtil.closeClient(httpClient);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenGetRequestExecuted_thenCorrectStatusCode() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        httpClient.execute(httpGet,
+            response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenGetRequestExecuted_thenCorrectContentMimeType() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        httpClient.execute(httpGet,
+            response -> {
+                final String contentMimeType = ContentType.parse(response.getEntity().getContentType()).getMimeType();
+                assertThat(contentMimeType).isEqualTo(ContentType.TEXT_HTML.getMimeType());
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void  givenGetRequestExecuted_thenCorrectResponse() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        httpClient.execute(httpGet,
+            response -> {
+                String bodyAsString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
+                assertThat(bodyAsString, notNullValue());
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenConfigureTimeoutOnRequest_thenCorrectResponse() throws IOException {
+        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
+            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(2000L))
+            .build();
+
+        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
+            .build();
+
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        request.setConfig(requestConfig);
+
+        httpClient.execute(request,
+            response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenLowSocketTimeOut_whenExecutingRequestWithTimeout_thenException() throws IOException {
+        ConnectionConfig connConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom()
+            .setConnectTimeout(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            .setSocketTimeout(20, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            .build();
+
+        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
+            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(2000L))
+            .build();
+
+        BasicHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        cm.setConnectionConfig(connConfig);
+
+        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
+            .setConnectionManager(cm)
+            .build();
+
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+
+        assertThrows(SocketTimeoutException.class, () -> {
+            httpClient.execute(request, resp -> resp);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenExecutingPostRequest_thenNoExceptions() throws IOException {
+        final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(SAMPLE_POST_URL);
+        httpClient.execute(httpPost,
+            response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenParametersAddedToRequest_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(SAMPLE_POST_URL);
+        final List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
+        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
+        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
+        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, Charset.defaultCharset()));
+
+        httpClient.execute(httpPost, response -> {
+            assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+            return response;
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenRedirectsAreDisabled_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
+        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .disableRedirectHandling()
+            .build();
+        client.execute(new HttpGet("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"), response -> {
+            assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(301);
+            return response;
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenHeadersAddedToRequest_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        request.addHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, "application/xml");
+        httpClient.execute(request,
+            response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenRequestWasSet_whenAnalyzingTheHeadersOfTheResponse_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        httpClient.execute(httpGet,
+            response -> {
+                Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
+                assertThat(headers, not(emptyArray()));
+                return response;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAutoClosableClient_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
+            httpClient.execute(httpGet, resp -> {
+                assertThat(resp.getCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+                return resp;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient/README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The "REST With Spring" Classes: http://bit.ly/restwithspring
 
 ### Relevant Articles: 
 - [Apache HttpClient – Cancel Request](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-cancel-request)
-- [Apache HttpClient 4 Cookbook](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient4)
+- [Apache HttpClient Cookbook](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-cookbook)
 - [Apache HttpClient – Follow Redirects for POST](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-redirect-on-http-post)
 - [Multipart Upload with Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-multipart-upload)
 - [Apache HttpAsyncClient Tutorial](https://www.baeldung.com/httpasyncclient-tutorial)

apache-httpclient/pom.xml

@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>
 
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.mock-server</groupId>
+            <artifactId>mockserver-netty</artifactId>
+            <version>${mockserver.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
             <artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
@@ -112,6 +118,7 @@
         <!-- util -->
         <httpasyncclient.version>4.1.4</httpasyncclient.version>
         <!-- testing -->
+        <mockserver.version>5.6.1</mockserver.version>
         <wiremock.version>2.5.1</wiremock.version>
         <httpclient.version>4.5.8</httpclient.version> <!-- 4.3.6 --> <!-- 4.4-beta1 -->
         <!-- http client & core 5 -->

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/GetRequestMockServer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+
+import static org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer.startClientAndServer;
+import static org.mockserver.matchers.Times.exactly;
+import static org.mockserver.model.HttpRequest.request;
+import static org.mockserver.model.HttpResponse.response;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.mockserver.client.MockServerClient;
+import org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer;
+
+public class GetRequestMockServer {
+
+    public static ClientAndServer mockServer;
+
+    public static int serverPort;
+
+    public static final String SERVER_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
+
+    public static final String SECURITY_PATH = "/spring-security-rest-basic-auth/api/foos/1";
+
+    public static final String UPLOAD_PATH = "/spring-mvc-java/stub/multipart";
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void startServer() throws IOException {
+        serverPort = getFreePort();
+        System.out.println("Free port " + serverPort);
+        mockServer = startClientAndServer(serverPort);
+        mockGetRequest();
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void stopServer() {
+        mockServer.stop();
+    }
+
+    private static void mockGetRequest() {
+
+        MockServerClient client = new MockServerClient(SERVER_ADDRESS, serverPort);
+
+        client.when(
+                request()
+                  .withPath(SECURITY_PATH)
+                  .withMethod("GET"), 
+                exactly(1)
+              )
+              .respond(
+                response()
+                  .withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
+                  .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
+              );
+
+        client.when(
+                request()
+                  .withPath(UPLOAD_PATH)
+                  .withMethod("POST"), 
+                exactly(4)
+              )
+              .respond(
+                response()
+                  .withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
+                  .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
+                  .withHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data")
+              );
+    }
+
+    private static int getFreePort() throws IOException {
+        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0)) {
+            return serverSocket.getLocalPort();
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpAsyncClientLiveTest.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
@@ -9,30 +9,35 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
 
-import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
-import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
-import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
-import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
-import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
-import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
-import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie;
-import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.CloseableHttpAsyncClient;
-import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClients;
-import org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.DefaultConnectingIOReactor;
-import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.ConnectingIOReactor;
-import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
-import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleHttpRequest;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.async.methods.SimpleRequestBuilder;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.auth.AuthScope;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.cookie.BasicCookieStore;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.async.CloseableHttpAsyncClient;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.async.HttpAsyncClients;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.auth.BasicCredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.nio.PoolingAsyncClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.nio.PoolingAsyncClientConnectionManagerBuilder;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.routing.DefaultProxyRoutePlanner;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.protocol.HttpClientContext;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.ssl.ClientTlsStrategyBuilder;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.nio.ssl.TlsStrategy;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpContext;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.reactor.IOReactorConfig;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.ssl.SSLContexts;
+import org.apache.hc.core5.ssl.TrustStrategy;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-public class HttpAsyncClientLiveTest {
+
+class HttpAsyncClientLiveTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
     private static final String HOST = "http://www.google.com";
     private static final String HOST_WITH_SSL = "https://mms.nw.ru/";
@@ -48,23 +53,31 @@ public class HttpAsyncClientLiveTest {
     // tests
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUseHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
-        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.createDefault();
+    void whenUseHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
+        final SimpleHttpRequest request = SimpleRequestBuilder.get(HOST_WITH_COOKIE)
+            .build();
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom()
+            .build();
         client.start();
-        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST);
 
-        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+
+        final Future<SimpleHttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
         final HttpResponse response = future.get();
 
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
         client.close();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUseMultipleHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final ConnectingIOReactor ioReactor = new DefaultConnectingIOReactor();
-        final PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager(ioReactor);
-        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
+    void whenUseMultipleHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final IOReactorConfig ioReactorConfig = IOReactorConfig
+            .custom()
+            .build();
+
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom()
+            .setIOReactorConfig(ioReactorConfig)
+            .build();
+
         client.start();
         final String[] toGet = { "http://www.google.com/", "http://www.apache.org/", "http://www.bing.com/" };
 
@@ -85,36 +98,54 @@ public class HttpAsyncClientLiveTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUseProxyWithHttpClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.createDefault();
+    void whenUseProxyWithHttpClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", GetRequestMockServer.serverPort);
+        DefaultProxyRoutePlanner routePlanner = new DefaultProxyRoutePlanner(proxy);
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom()
+            .setRoutePlanner(routePlanner)
+            .build();
         client.start();
-        final HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8080);
-        final RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
-        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST_WITH_PROXY);
-        request.setConfig(config);
-        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
-        final HttpResponse response = future.get();
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+
+        final SimpleHttpRequest request = new SimpleHttpRequest("GET" ,HOST_WITH_PROXY);
+        final Future<SimpleHttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+        final HttpResponse  response = future.get();
+        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
         client.close();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUseSSLWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+    void whenUseSSLWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
         final TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = (certificate, authType) -> true;
-        final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy).build();
 
-        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setSSLHostnameVerifier(NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE).setSSLContext(sslContext).build();
+        final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom()
+            .loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy)
+            .build();
+
+        final TlsStrategy tlsStrategy = ClientTlsStrategyBuilder.create()
+            .setHostnameVerifier(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER)
+            .setSslContext(sslContext)
+            .build();
+
+        final PoolingAsyncClientConnectionManager cm = PoolingAsyncClientConnectionManagerBuilder.create()
+            .setTlsStrategy(tlsStrategy)
+            .build();
+
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom()
+            .setConnectionManager(cm)
+            .build();
 
         client.start();
-        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST_WITH_SSL);
-        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+
+        final SimpleHttpRequest request = new SimpleHttpRequest("GET",HOST_WITH_SSL);
+        final Future<SimpleHttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+
         final HttpResponse response = future.get();
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
         client.close();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUseCookiesWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+    void whenUseCookiesWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
         final BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
         final BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie(COOKIE_NAME, "1234");
         cookie.setDomain(COOKIE_DOMAIN);
@@ -122,29 +153,36 @@ public class HttpAsyncClientLiveTest {
         cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
         final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().build();
         client.start();
-        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST_WITH_COOKIE);
+        final SimpleHttpRequest request = new SimpleHttpRequest("GET" ,HOST_WITH_COOKIE);
 
         final HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
         localContext.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, cookieStore);
 
-        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, localContext, null);
+        final Future<SimpleHttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, localContext, null);
+
         final HttpResponse response = future.get();
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
         client.close();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUseAuthenticationWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
-        final CredentialsProvider provider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
-        final UsernamePasswordCredentials creds = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(DEFAULT_USER, DEFAULT_PASS);
-        provider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, creds);
-        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setDefaultCredentialsProvider(provider).build();
+    void whenUseAuthenticationWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final BasicCredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
+        final UsernamePasswordCredentials credentials =
+            new UsernamePasswordCredentials(DEFAULT_USER, DEFAULT_PASS.toCharArray());
+        credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION, 80) ,credentials);
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients
+            .custom()
+            .setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider).build();
+
+        final SimpleHttpRequest request = new SimpleHttpRequest("GET" ,URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION);
 
-        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION);
         client.start();
-        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+
+        final Future<SimpleHttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+
         final HttpResponse response = future.get();
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
         client.close();
     }
 
@@ -163,9 +201,9 @@ public class HttpAsyncClientLiveTest {
         @Override
         public void run() {
             try {
-                final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, context, null);
+                final Future<SimpleHttpResponse> future = client.execute(SimpleHttpRequest.copy(request), context, null);
                 final HttpResponse response = future.get();
-                assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+                assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
             } catch (final Exception ex) {
                 System.out.println(ex.getLocalizedMessage());
             }

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientCancelRequestLiveTest.java

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class HttpClientCancelRequestLiveTest {
     void whenRequestIsCanceled_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
         HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_URL);
         try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
-                httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+            httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
                 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
 
                 System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ class HttpClientCancelRequestLiveTest {
                     System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
                 }
                 System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
+
+                if (entity != null) {
+                    // Closes this stream and releases any system resources
+                    entity.close();
+                }
+
                 // Do not feel like reading the response body
                 // Call abort on the request object
                 request.abort();

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientMultipartLiveTest.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
+import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.mime.StringBody;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
 import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClientBuilder;
 
 import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.net.URL;
 
-import com.baeldung.httpclient.handler.CustomHttpClientResponseHandler;
-
-class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest {
+class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
     // No longer available
     // private static final String SERVER = "http://echo.200please.com";
@@ -45,13 +43,15 @@ class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest {
     @BeforeEach
     public void before() {
         post = new HttpPost(SERVER);
+        String URL = "http://localhost:" + serverPort + "/spring-mvc-java/stub/multipart";
+        post = new HttpPost(URL);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenFileandMultipleTextParts_whenUploadwithAddPart_thenNoExceptions() throws IOException {
         final URL url = Thread.currentThread()
-          .getContextClassLoader()
-          .getResource("uploads/" + TEXTFILENAME);
+            .getContextClassLoader()
+            .getResource("uploads/" + TEXTFILENAME);
 
         final File file = new File(url.getPath());
         final FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY);
@@ -66,27 +66,28 @@ class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest {
         final HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
 
         post.setEntity(entity);
-        try(CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
-            .build();
+        try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build()) {
 
-            CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
-                .execute(post, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())){
-            final int statusCode = response.getCode();
-            final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
-            final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
+            client.execute(post, response -> {
+                final int statusCode = response.getCode();
+                final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
+                final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
 
-            assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
-            assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("Content-Type: multipart/form-data;"));
-            System.out.println(responseString);
-            System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+                assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
+                assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("multipart/form-data"));
+                System.out.println(responseString);
+                System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+                return response;
+            });
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenFileandTextPart_whenUploadwithAddBinaryBodyandAddTextBody_ThenNoExeption() throws IOException {
         final URL url = Thread.currentThread()
-          .getContextClassLoader()
-          .getResource("uploads/" + TEXTFILENAME);
+            .getContextClassLoader()
+            .getResource("uploads/" + TEXTFILENAME);
         final File file = new File(url.getPath());
         final String message = "This is a multipart post";
         final MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
@@ -96,30 +97,31 @@ class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest {
         final HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
         post.setEntity(entity);
 
-        try(CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
-            .build();
+        try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build()) {
 
-            CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
-                .execute(post, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())){
+            client.execute(post, response -> {
 
-            final int statusCode = response.getCode();
-            final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
-            final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
-            assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
-            assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("Content-Type: multipart/form-data;"));
-            System.out.println(responseString);
-            System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+                final int statusCode = response.getCode();
+                final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
+                final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
+                assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
+                assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("multipart/form-data"));
+                System.out.println(responseString);
+                System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+                return response;
+            });
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenFileAndInputStreamandText_whenUploadwithAddBinaryBodyandAddTextBody_ThenNoException() throws IOException {
         final URL url = Thread.currentThread()
-          .getContextClassLoader()
-          .getResource("uploads/" + ZIPFILENAME);
+            .getContextClassLoader()
+            .getResource("uploads/" + ZIPFILENAME);
         final URL url2 = Thread.currentThread()
-          .getContextClassLoader()
-          .getResource("uploads/" + IMAGEFILENAME);
+            .getContextClassLoader()
+            .getResource("uploads/" + IMAGEFILENAME);
         final InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(url.getPath());
         final File file = new File(url2.getPath());
         final String message = "This is a multipart post";
@@ -131,25 +133,25 @@ class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest {
         final HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
         post.setEntity(entity);
 
-        try(CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
-            .build();
+        try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build()) {
 
-            CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
-                .execute(post, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())){
-
-            final int statusCode = response.getCode();
-            final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
-            final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
-            assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
-            assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("Content-Type: multipart/form-data;"));
-            System.out.println(responseString);
-            System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
-            inputStream.close();
+            client.execute(post, response -> {
+                final int statusCode = response.getCode();
+                final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
+                final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
+                assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
+                assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("multipart/form-data;"));
+                System.out.println(responseString);
+                System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+                inputStream.close();
+                return response;
+            });
         }
     }
 
     @Test
-    void givenCharArrayandText_whenUploadwithAddBinaryBodyandAddTextBody_ThenNoException() throws IOException {
+    void givenCharArrayandText_whenUploadwithAddBinaryBodyandAddTextBody_ThenNoException() throws IOException, ParseException {
         final String message = "This is a multipart post";
         final byte[] bytes = "binary code".getBytes();
         final MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
@@ -159,21 +161,20 @@ class HttpClientMultipartLiveTest {
         final HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
         post.setEntity(entity);
 
-        try(CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
-            .build();
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build()) {
 
-            CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) client
-                .execute(post, new CustomHttpClientResponseHandler())){
-
-            final int statusCode = response.getCode();
-            final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
-            final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
-            assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
-            assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("Content-Type: multipart/form-data;"));
-            System.out.println(responseString);
-            System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+            httpClient.execute(post, response -> {
+                final int statusCode = response.getCode();
+                final String responseString = getContent(response.getEntity());
+                final String contentTypeInHeader = getContentTypeHeader();
+                assertThat(statusCode, equalTo(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
+                assertTrue(contentTypeInHeader.contains("multipart/form-data;"));
+                System.out.println(responseString);
+                System.out.println("POST Content Type: " + contentTypeInHeader);
+                return response;
+            });
         }
-
     }
 
     // UTIL

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientRedirectLiveTest.java

@@ -1,98 +1,61 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient;
 
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpHead;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRedirectStrategy;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.LaxRedirectStrategy;
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.DefaultRedirectStrategy;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
-
-public class HttpClientRedirectLiveTest {
-
-    private CloseableHttpClient instance;
-
-    private CloseableHttpResponse response;
-
-    @Before
-    public final void before() {
-        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
-    }
-
-    @After
-    public final void after() throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
-        ResponseUtil.closeResponse(response);
-    }
-
-    // tests
+class HttpClientRedirectLiveTest {
 
     @Test
-    public final void givenRedirectsAreDisabledViaNewApi_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
-        instance = HttpClients.custom().disableRedirectHandling().build();
+    void givenRedirectsAreDisabled_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
 
-        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw");
-        response = instance.execute(httpGet);
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw");
 
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
+            .disableRedirectHandling()
+            .build()) {
+            httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(301));
+                return response;
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public final void givenRedirectsAreDisabled_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
-        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().disableRedirectHandling().build();
-        response = instance.execute(new HttpGet("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
-    }
+    void givenRedirectingPOST_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirectsWithPOST_thenRedirected() throws IOException {
 
-    // redirect with POST
+        final HttpPost request = new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw");
 
-    @Test
-    public final void givenPostRequest_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
-        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
-        response = instance.execute(new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build()) {
+            httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
+                return response;
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public final void givenRedirectingPOSTViaPost4_2Api_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirectsWithPOST_thenRedirected() throws IOException {
-        final CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setRedirectStrategy(new DefaultRedirectStrategy() {
-            /** Redirectable methods. */
-            private final String[] REDIRECT_METHODS = new String[]{HttpGet.METHOD_NAME, HttpPost.METHOD_NAME, HttpHead.METHOD_NAME};
+    void givenRedirectingPOST_whenUsingDefaultRedirectStrategy_thenRedirected() throws IOException {
 
-            @Override
-            protected boolean isRedirectable(final String method) {
-                return Arrays.stream(REDIRECT_METHODS)
-                  .anyMatch(m -> m.equalsIgnoreCase(method));
-            }
-        }).build();
+        final HttpPost request = new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw");
 
-        response = client.execute(new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .setRedirectStrategy(new DefaultRedirectStrategy())
+            .build()) {
+            httpClient.execute(request, response -> {
+                assertThat(response.getCode(), equalTo(200));
+                return response;
+            });
+        }
     }
-
-    @Test
-    public final void givenRedirectingPOSTVia4_2Api_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirectsWithPOST_thenRedirected() throws IOException {
-        final CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy()).build();
-
-        response = client.execute(new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public final void givenRedirectingPOST_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirectsWithPOST_thenRedirected() throws IOException {
-        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy()).build();
-        response = instance.execute(new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
-        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
-    }
-
 }

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/base/HttpClientLiveTest.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class HttpClientLiveTest {
 
     @Test(expected = ConnectTimeoutException.class)
     public final void givenLowTimeout_whenExecutingRequestWithTimeout_thenException() throws IOException {
-        final RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(50).setConnectTimeout(50).setSocketTimeout(20).build();
+        final RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(5).setConnectTimeout(5).setSocketTimeout(2).build();
         final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_URL);
         request.setConfig(requestConfig);
         response = instance.execute(request);

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/base/HttpClientSandboxLiveTest.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient.base;
 
+import com.baeldung.httpclient.GetRequestMockServer;
 import com.baeldung.httpclient.ResponseUtil;
 import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
 import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
@@ -9,14 +10,14 @@ import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
-import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /*
  * NOTE : Need module spring-security-rest-basic-auth to be running
  */
-public class HttpClientSandboxLiveTest {
+public class HttpClientSandboxLiveTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
     @Test
     public final void givenGetRequestExecuted_whenAnalyzingTheResponse_thenCorrectStatusCode() throws IOException {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ public class HttpClientSandboxLiveTest {
 
         final CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider).build();
 
-        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/spring-security-rest-basic-auth/api/foos/1");
+        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:" + serverPort + "/spring-security-rest-basic-auth/api/foos/1");
         final CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);
 
         System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/handler/CustomHttpClientResponseHandler.java

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.handler;
-
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ClassicHttpResponse;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.HttpClientResponseHandler;
-
-public class CustomHttpClientResponseHandler implements HttpClientResponseHandler<ClassicHttpResponse> {
-    @Override
-    public ClassicHttpResponse handleResponse(ClassicHttpResponse response) {
-        return response;
-    }
-}

apache-httpclient4/README.md

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ This module contains articles about Apache HttpClient 4.5
 - [Apache HttpClient vs. CloseableHttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-vs-closeablehttpclient)
 - [Expand Shortened URLs with Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-httpclient-expand-url)
 - [Retrying Requests using Apache HttpClient](https://www.baeldung.com/java-retrying-requests-using-apache-httpclient)
+- [Apache HttpClient – Follow Redirects for POST](https://www.baeldung.com/httpclient-redirect-on-http-post)
 
 ### Running the Tests
 To run the live tests, use the command: mvn clean install -Plive

apache-httpclient4/pom.xml

@@ -199,33 +199,7 @@
                 <filtering>true</filtering>
             </resource>
         </resources>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>${maven-war-plugin.version}</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
-                <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>${cargo-maven2-plugin.version}</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <wait>true</wait>
-                    <container>
-                        <containerId>jetty8x</containerId>
-                        <type>embedded</type>
-                        <systemProperties>
-                            <!-- <provPersistenceTarget>cargo</provPersistenceTarget> -->
-                        </systemProperties>
-                    </container>
-                    <configuration>
-                        <properties>
-                            <cargo.servlet.port>8082</cargo.servlet.port>
-                        </properties>
-                    </configuration>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
+
     </build>
 
     <profiles>
@@ -233,26 +207,6 @@
             <id>live</id>
             <build>
                 <plugins>
-                    <plugin>
-                        <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
-                        <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
-                        <executions>
-                            <execution>
-                                <id>start-server</id>
-                                <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
-                                <goals>
-                                    <goal>start</goal>
-                                </goals>
-                            </execution>
-                            <execution>
-                                <id>stop-server</id>
-                                <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
-                                <goals>
-                                    <goal>stop</goal>
-                                </goals>
-                            </execution>
-                        </executions>
-                    </plugin>
                     <plugin>
                         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                         <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -269,9 +223,6 @@
                                     <includes>
                                         <include>**/*LiveTest.java</include>
                                     </includes>
-                                    <systemPropertyVariables>
-                                        <webTarget>cargo</webTarget>
-                                    </systemPropertyVariables>
                                 </configuration>
                             </execution>
                         </executions>
@@ -291,7 +242,6 @@
         <httpclient.version>4.5.14</httpclient.version>
         <mockserver.version>5.11.2</mockserver.version>
         <!-- maven plugins -->
-        <cargo-maven2-plugin.version>1.6.1</cargo-maven2-plugin.version>
         <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/GetRequestMockServer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package com.baeldung;
+
+import static org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer.startClientAndServer;
+import static org.mockserver.model.HttpRequest.request;
+import static org.mockserver.model.HttpResponse.response;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.mockserver.client.MockServerClient;
+import org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer;
+
+public class GetRequestMockServer {
+
+    public static ClientAndServer mockServer;
+    public static int serverPort;
+    public static String simplePathUrl;
+    public static final String SERVER_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
+    public static final String SIMPLE_PATH = "/httpclient-simple/api/bars/1";
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void startServer() throws IOException {
+        serverPort = getFreePort();
+        System.out.println("Free port " + serverPort);
+        mockServer = startClientAndServer(serverPort);
+
+        simplePathUrl = "http://" + SERVER_ADDRESS + ":" + serverPort + SIMPLE_PATH;
+
+        mockGetRequest();
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void stopServer() {
+        mockServer.stop();
+    }
+
+    private static void mockGetRequest() {
+
+        MockServerClient client = new MockServerClient(SERVER_ADDRESS, serverPort);
+
+        client.when(request().withPath(SIMPLE_PATH)
+                .withMethod("GET"))
+            .respond(response().withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
+                .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}"));
+    }
+
+    private static int getFreePort() throws IOException {
+        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0)) {
+            return serverSocket.getLocalPort();
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/client/ClientLiveTest.java

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
 
 import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
 import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
+import com.baeldung.GetRequestMockServer;
 
-class ClientLiveTest {
+class ClientLiveTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
-    final String urlOverHttps = "http://localhost:8082/httpclient-simple/api/bars/1";
 
     @Test
     void givenAcceptingAllCertificates_whenHttpsUrlIsConsumed_thenOk_2() throws GeneralSecurityException {
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ class ClientLiveTest {
             .build();
 
         final HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
-        final ResponseEntity<String> response = new RestTemplate(requestFactory).exchange(urlOverHttps, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class);
+        final ResponseEntity<String> response = new RestTemplate(requestFactory).exchange(simplePathUrl, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class);
         assertThat(response.getStatusCode().value(), equalTo(200));
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenAcceptingAllCertificates_whenHttpsUrlIsConsumed_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        final HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(urlOverHttps);
+        final HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(simplePathUrl);
 
         try (final CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
             .setSSLHostnameVerifier(new NoopHostnameVerifier())
@@ -80,20 +80,22 @@ class ClientLiveTest {
         final HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
         requestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
 
-        final ResponseEntity<String> response = new RestTemplate(requestFactory).exchange(urlOverHttps, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class);
+        final ResponseEntity<String> response = new RestTemplate(requestFactory).exchange(simplePathUrl, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class);
         assertThat(response.getStatusCode().value(), equalTo(200));
     }
 
     @Test
     void whenHttpsUrlIsConsumed_thenException() {
-        String urlOverHttps = "https://localhost:8082/httpclient-simple";
+        String urlOverHttps = "https://localhost:"+serverPort+"/httpclient-simple/api/bars/1";
         HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(urlOverHttps);
 
-        assertThrows(SSLPeerUnverifiedException.class, () -> {
+        assertThrows(SSLHandshakeException.class, () -> {
             CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
             HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod);
             assertThat(response.getStatusLine()
                 .getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
         });
     }
+
+
 }

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/client/RestClientV4LiveManualTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.client;
 
-import static org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
 
@@ -89,4 +88,5 @@ public class RestClientV4LiveManualTest {
         HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod);
         assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
     }
+
 }

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/ClientUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+
+public final class ClientUtil {
+
+    private ClientUtil(){}
+
+    public static void closeClient(CloseableHttpClient client) throws IOException {
+        if (client == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        client.close();
+    }
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpAsyncClientV4LiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
+import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
+import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.CloseableHttpAsyncClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClients;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.DefaultConnectingIOReactor;
+import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.ConnectingIOReactor;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
+import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.baeldung.GetRequestMockServer;
+
+class HttpAsyncClientV4LiveTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
+
+    private static final String HOST = "http://www.google.com";
+    private static final String HOST_WITH_SSL = "https://mms.nw.ru/";
+    private static final String HOST_WITH_PROXY = "http://httpbin.org/";
+    private static final String URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION = "http://browserspy.dk/password-ok.php";// "http://localhost:8080/spring-security-rest-basic-auth/api/foos/1";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_USER = "test";// "user1";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_PASS = "test";// "user1Pass";
+
+    private static final String HOST_WITH_COOKIE = "http://yuilibrary.com/yui/docs/cookie/cookie-simple-example.html"; // "http://github.com";
+    private static final String COOKIE_DOMAIN = ".yuilibrary.com"; // ".github.com";
+    private static final String COOKIE_NAME = "example"; // "JSESSIONID";
+
+    // tests
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUseHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.createDefault();
+        client.start();
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST);
+
+        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+        final HttpResponse response = future.get();
+
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUseMultipleHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final ConnectingIOReactor ioReactor = new DefaultConnectingIOReactor();
+        final PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager(ioReactor);
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
+        client.start();
+        final String[] toGet = { "http://www.google.com/", "http://www.apache.org/", "http://www.bing.com/" };
+
+        final GetThread[] threads = new GetThread[toGet.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+            final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(toGet[i]);
+            threads[i] = new GetThread(client, request);
+        }
+
+        for (final GetThread thread : threads) {
+            thread.start();
+        }
+
+        for (final GetThread thread : threads) {
+            thread.join();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUseProxyWithHttpClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.createDefault();
+        client.start();
+        final HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", GetRequestMockServer.serverPort);
+        final RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST_WITH_PROXY);
+        request.setConfig(config);
+        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+        final HttpResponse response = future.get();
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUseSSLWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = (certificate, authType) -> true;
+        final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy).build();
+
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setSSLHostnameVerifier(NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE).setSSLContext(sslContext).build();
+
+        client.start();
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST_WITH_SSL);
+        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+        final HttpResponse response = future.get();
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUseCookiesWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
+        final BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie(COOKIE_NAME, "1234");
+        cookie.setDomain(COOKIE_DOMAIN);
+        cookie.setPath("/");
+        cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().build();
+        client.start();
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(HOST_WITH_COOKIE);
+
+        final HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
+        localContext.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, cookieStore);
+
+        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, localContext, null);
+        final HttpResponse response = future.get();
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenUseAuthenticationWithHttpAsyncClient_thenCorrect() throws Exception {
+        final CredentialsProvider provider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
+        final UsernamePasswordCredentials creds = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(DEFAULT_USER, DEFAULT_PASS);
+        provider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, creds);
+        final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setDefaultCredentialsProvider(provider).build();
+
+        final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION);
+        client.start();
+        final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, null);
+        final HttpResponse response = future.get();
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+        client.close();
+    }
+
+    static class GetThread extends Thread {
+
+        private final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client;
+        private final HttpContext context;
+        private final HttpGet request;
+
+        GetThread(final CloseableHttpAsyncClient client, final HttpGet request) {
+            this.client = client;
+            context = HttpClientContext.create();
+            this.request = request;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            try {
+                final Future<HttpResponse> future = client.execute(request, context, null);
+                final HttpResponse response = future.get();
+                assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+            } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                System.out.println(ex.getLocalizedMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientCancelRequestV4LiveTest.java

@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ public class HttpClientCancelRequestV4LiveTest {
             System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
             if (entity != null) {
                 System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
+                entity.getContent().close();
             }
+
             System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
 
             // Do not feel like reading the response body

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientCookBookV4LiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.emptyArray;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.http.Consts;
+import org.apache.http.Header;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
+import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
+
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+
+class HttpClientCookBookV4LiveTest {
+
+    private static final String SAMPLE_GET_URL = "http://www.google.com";
+    private static final String SAMPLE_POST_URL = "http://www.github.com";
+
+    private CloseableHttpClient client;
+
+    private CloseableHttpResponse response;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public final void before() {
+        client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public final void after() throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
+        ResponseUtil.closeResponse(response);
+        ClientUtil.closeClient(client);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenGetRequestExecuted_thenCorrectStatusCode() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        response = client.execute(httpGet);
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenGetRequestExecuted_thenCorrectContentMimeType() throws IOException {
+        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL));
+        String contentMimeType = ContentType.getOrDefault(response.getEntity()).getMimeType();
+        assertThat(contentMimeType, equalTo(ContentType.TEXT_HTML.getMimeType()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void  givenGetRequestExecuted_thenCorrectResponse() throws IOException {
+        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL));
+        String bodyAsString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
+        assertThat(bodyAsString, notNullValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenLowSocketTimeOut_whenExecutingRequestWithTimeout_thenException() throws IOException {
+        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
+            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
+            .setConnectTimeout(1000)
+            .setSocketTimeout(20)
+            .build();
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_POST_URL);
+        request.setConfig(requestConfig);
+
+        assertThrows(SocketTimeoutException.class, () -> {
+            response = client.execute(request);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenLowSocketTimeOut_whenSettingTimeoutOnTheClient_thenException(){
+        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
+            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
+            .setConnectTimeout(1000)
+            .setSocketTimeout(20).build();
+        HttpClientBuilder builder = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig);
+
+        client = builder.build();
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+
+        assertThrows(SocketTimeoutException.class, () -> {
+            response = client.execute(request);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void whenExecutingPostRequest_thenNoExceptions() throws IOException {
+        response = client.execute(new HttpPost(SAMPLE_POST_URL));
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenParametersAddedToRequest_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(SAMPLE_POST_URL);
+        final List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
+        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
+        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
+        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
+
+        response = client.execute(new HttpPost(SAMPLE_POST_URL));
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenRedirectsAreDisabled_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
+        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .disableRedirectHandling()
+            .build();
+        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenHeadersAddedToRequest_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+        request.addHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, "application/xml");
+        response = client.execute(request);
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenRequestWasSet_whenAnalyzingTheHeadersOfTheResponse_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL));
+        Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
+        assertThat(headers, not(emptyArray()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenStreamIsClosed_thenCloseResponse() throws IOException {
+        response = client.execute(new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL));
+        try {
+            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
+            if (entity != null) {
+                InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+                instream.close();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            response.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAutoClosableClient_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
+            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(SAMPLE_GET_URL);
+            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet)) {
+                // handle response;
+                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
+                if (entity != null) {
+                    try (InputStream instream = entity.getContent()) {
+                        // Process the input stream if needed
+                    }
+                }
+                assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientRedirectV4LiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.LaxRedirectStrategy;
+
+class HttpClientRedirectV4LiveTest {
+    private CloseableHttpClient instance;
+
+    private CloseableHttpResponse response;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public final void before() {
+        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    public final void after() throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
+        ResponseUtil.closeResponse(response);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenRedirectsAreDisabled_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
+        instance = HttpClients.custom()
+            .disableRedirectHandling()
+            .build();
+
+        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw");
+        response = instance.execute(httpGet);
+
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine()
+            .getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+    }
+
+    // redirect with POST
+
+    @Test
+    void givenPostRequest_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirects_thenNotRedirected() throws IOException {
+        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .build();
+        response = instance.execute(new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine()
+            .getStatusCode(), equalTo(301));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenRedirectingPOST_whenConsumingUrlWhichRedirectsWithPOST_thenRedirected() throws IOException {
+        instance = HttpClientBuilder.create()
+            .setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy())
+            .build();
+        response = instance.execute(new HttpPost("http://t.co/I5YYd9tddw"));
+        assertThat(response.getStatusLine()
+            .getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
+    }
+
+}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/HttpClientTimeoutV4LiveTest.java

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-class HttpClientTimeoutV4LiveTest {
+import com.baeldung.GetRequestMockServer;
+
+class HttpClientTimeoutV4LiveTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
     private CloseableHttpResponse response;
 
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ class HttpClientTimeoutV4LiveTest {
         int timeout = 20; // seconds
         RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout * 1000)
             .setConnectTimeout(timeout * 1000).setSocketTimeout(timeout * 1000).build();
-        HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8082/httpclient-simple/api/bars/1");
+        HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(simplePathUrl);
         getMethod.setConfig(requestConfig);
 
         int hardTimeout = 5; // seconds

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/ApacheHttpClientUnitTest.java

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import com.baeldung.GetRequestMockServer;
+
 class ApacheHttpClientUnitTest extends GetRequestMockServer {
 
 
     @Test
     void givenDeveloperUsedCloseableHttpResponse_whenExecutingGetRequest_thenStatusIsOk() throws IOException {
         try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {
-            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(serviceOneUrl);
+            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(simplePathUrl);
             try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet)) {
                 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                 EntityUtils.consume(entity);

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/GetRequestMockServer.java

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient;
-
-import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
-import org.mockserver.client.MockServerClient;
-import org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.ServerSocket;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-
-import static org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer.startClientAndServer;
-import static org.mockserver.matchers.Times.exactly;
-import static org.mockserver.model.HttpRequest.request;
-import static org.mockserver.model.HttpResponse.response;
-
-public class GetRequestMockServer {
-
-    public static ClientAndServer mockServer;
-    public static String serviceOneUrl;
-    public static String serviceTwoUrl;
-
-    private static int serverPort;
-
-    public static final String SERVER_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
-    public static final String PATH_ONE = "/test1";
-    public static final String PATH_TWO = "/test2";
-    public static final String METHOD = "GET";
-
-    @BeforeAll
-    static void startServer() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        serverPort = getFreePort();
-        serviceOneUrl = "http://" + SERVER_ADDRESS + ":" + serverPort + PATH_ONE;
-        serviceTwoUrl = "http://" + SERVER_ADDRESS + ":" + serverPort + PATH_TWO;
-        mockServer = startClientAndServer(serverPort);
-        mockGetRequest();
-    }
-
-    @AfterAll
-    static void stopServer() {
-        mockServer.stop();
-    }
-
-    private static void mockGetRequest() {
-        new MockServerClient(SERVER_ADDRESS, serverPort)
-          .when(
-            request()
-              .withPath(PATH_ONE)
-              .withMethod(METHOD),
-            exactly(5)
-          )
-          .respond(
-            response()
-              .withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
-              .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
-          );
-        new MockServerClient(SERVER_ADDRESS, serverPort)
-          .when(
-            request()
-              .withPath(PATH_TWO)
-              .withMethod(METHOD),
-            exactly(1)
-          )
-          .respond(
-            response()
-              .withStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
-              .withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
-          );
-    }
-
-    private static int getFreePort () throws IOException {
-        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0)) {
-            return serverSocket.getLocalPort();
-        }
-    }
-
-}

apache-kafka-2/README.md

@@ -8,3 +8,7 @@ You can build the project from the command line using: *mvn clean install*, or i
 ### Relevant Articles:
 - [Guide to Check if Apache Kafka Server Is Running](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-kafka-check-server-is-running)
 - [Add Custom Headers to a Kafka Message](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-custom-headers)
+- [Get Last N Messages in Apache Kafka Topic](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-kafka-get-last-n-messages)
+- [Is a Key Required as Part of Sending Messages to Kafka?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-message-key)
+- [Read Data From the Beginning Using Kafka Consumer API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-consumer-api-read)
+- [Get Partition Count for a Topic in Kafka](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-partition-count-topic)

apache-kafka-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/kafka/consumer/ConsumeFromBeginning.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.consumer;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class ConsumeFromBeginning {
+
+    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumeFromBeginning.class);
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static int messagesInTopic = 10;
+
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        setup();
+
+        publishMessages();
+
+        consumeFromBeginning();
+    }
+
+    private static void consumeFromBeginning() {
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
+
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info(record.value());
+        }
+
+        consumer.seekToBeginning(consumer.assignment());
+
+        records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
+
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info(record.value());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void publishMessages() {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= messagesInTopic; i++) {
+            ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, String.valueOf(i));
+            producer.send(record);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void setup() {
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, UUID.randomUUID()
+          .toString());
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+    }
+
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/kafka/message/MessageWithKey.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.message;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.Admin;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.AdminClientConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.NewTopic;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.RecordMetadata;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class MessageWithKey {
+
+    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageWithKey.class);
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static int PARTITIONS = 5;
+    private static short REPLICATION_FACTOR = 1;
+
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message-key";
+
+    private static Admin admin;
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        setup();
+
+        publishMessagesWithoutKey();
+
+        consumeMessages();
+
+        publishMessagesWithKey();
+
+        consumeMessages();
+    }
+
+    private static void consumeMessages() {
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(5));
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info("Key : {}, Value : {}", record.key(), record.value());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void publishMessagesWithKey() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+            ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, MESSAGE_KEY, String.valueOf(i));
+            Future<RecordMetadata> future = producer.send(record);
+            RecordMetadata metadata = future.get();
+
+            logger.info(String.valueOf(metadata.partition()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void publishMessagesWithoutKey() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+            ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, String.valueOf(i));
+            Future<RecordMetadata> future = producer.send(record);
+            RecordMetadata metadata = future.get();
+
+            logger.info(String.valueOf(metadata.partition()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void setup() {
+        Properties adminProperties = new Properties();
+        adminProperties.put(AdminClientConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, UUID.randomUUID()
+          .toString());
+
+        admin = Admin.create(adminProperties);
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+
+        admin.createTopics(Collections.singleton(new NewTopic(TOPIC, PARTITIONS, REPLICATION_FACTOR)));
+    }
+
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/KafaConsumeLastNMessagesLiveTest.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 @Testcontainers
-public class KafaConsumeLastNMessages {
+public class KafaConsumeLastNMessagesLiveTest {
 
     private static String TOPIC1 = "baeldung-github";
     private static String TOPIC2 = "baeldung-blog";

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/KafkaCountPartitionsLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.AdminClient;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.DescribeTopicsResult;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.TopicDescription;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.KafkaFuture;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.PartitionInfo;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+@Testcontainers
+public class KafkaCountPartitionsLiveTest {
+    @Container
+    private static final KafkaContainer KAFKA_CONTAINER = new KafkaContainer(DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest"));
+    private final static String TOPIC = "baeldung-kafka-github";
+    private final static Integer PARTITION_NUMBER = 3;
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.addExposedPort(9092);
+
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.execInContainer(
+                "/bin/sh",
+                "-c",
+                "/usr/bin/kafka-topics " +
+                        "--bootstrap-server localhost:9092 " +
+                        "--create " +
+                        "--replication-factor 1 " +
+                        "--partitions " + PARTITION_NUMBER + " " +
+                        "--topic " + TOPIC
+        );
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void destroy() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPartitionsForTopic_isEqualToActualNumberAssignedDuringCreation() {
+        List<PartitionInfo> info = producer.partitionsFor(TOPIC);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(PARTITION_NUMBER, info.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testTopicPartitionDescription_isEqualToActualNumberAssignedDuringCreation() {
+        Properties props = new Properties();
+        props.put("bootstrap.servers", KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        props.put("client.id","java-admin-client");
+        props.put("request.timeout.ms", 3000);
+        props.put("connections.max.idle.ms", 5000);
+        try(AdminClient client = AdminClient.create(props)){
+            DescribeTopicsResult describeTopicsResult = client.describeTopics(Collections.singletonList(TOPIC));
+            Map<String, KafkaFuture<TopicDescription>> values = describeTopicsResult.values();
+            KafkaFuture<TopicDescription> topicDescription = values.get(TOPIC);
+            Assertions.assertEquals(PARTITION_NUMBER, topicDescription.get().partitions().size());
+        } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/consumer/ConsumeFromBeginningLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.consumer;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+
+// This live test needs a Docker Daemon running so that a kafka container can be created
+
+@Testcontainers
+public class ConsumeFromBeginningLiveTest {
+
+    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumeFromBeginningLiveTest.class);
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static int messagesInTopic = 10;
+
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    @Container
+    private static final KafkaContainer KAFKA_CONTAINER = new KafkaContainer(DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest"));
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.addExposedPort(9092);
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, UUID.randomUUID()
+          .toString());
+
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+    }
+
+    private static void publishMessages() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= messagesInTopic; i++) {
+            ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, String.valueOf(i));
+            producer.send(record)
+              .get();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void destroy() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenMessages_whenConsumedFromBeginning_thenCheckIfConsumedFromBeginning() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+
+        publishMessages();
+
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
+
+        int messageCount = 0;
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info(record.value());
+            messageCount++;
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(messagesInTopic, messageCount);
+
+        consumer.seekToBeginning(consumer.assignment());
+
+        records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
+
+        messageCount = 0;
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
+            logger.info(record.value());
+            messageCount++;
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(messagesInTopic, messageCount);
+    }
+}

apache-kafka-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/kafka/message/MessageWithKeyLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package com.baeldung.kafka.message;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.Admin;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.AdminClientConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.NewTopic;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.RecordMetadata;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.KafkaContainer;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
+import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
+
+// This live test needs a Docker Daemon running so that a kafka container can be created
+
+@Testcontainers
+public class MessageWithKeyLiveTest {
+
+    private static String TOPIC = "baeldung";
+    private static int PARTITIONS = 5;
+    private static short REPLICATION_FACTOR = 1;
+
+    private static String MESSAGE_KEY = "message-key";
+    private static String MESSAGE_VALUE = "Hello World";
+
+    private static Admin admin;
+    private static KafkaProducer<String, String> producer;
+    private static KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
+
+    @Container
+    private static final KafkaContainer KAFKA_CONTAINER = new KafkaContainer(DockerImageName.parse("confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest"));
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.addExposedPort(9092);
+
+        Properties adminProperties = new Properties();
+        adminProperties.put(AdminClientConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+
+        Properties producerProperties = new Properties();
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+        producerProperties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
+
+        Properties consumerProperties = new Properties();
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, KAFKA_CONTAINER.getBootstrapServers());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
+        consumerProperties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, UUID.randomUUID()
+          .toString());
+
+        admin = Admin.create(adminProperties);
+        producer = new KafkaProducer<>(producerProperties);
+        consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(consumerProperties);
+
+        admin.createTopics(Collections.singleton(new NewTopic(TOPIC, PARTITIONS, REPLICATION_FACTOR)));
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void destroy() {
+        KAFKA_CONTAINER.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAMessageWithKey_whenPublishedToKafkaAndConsumed_thenCheckForKey() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+
+        ProducerRecord<String, String> producerRecord = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE);
+        Future<RecordMetadata> future = producer.send(producerRecord);
+
+        RecordMetadata metadata = future.get();
+
+        assertNotNull(metadata);
+
+        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC));
+
+        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofSeconds(5));
+        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> consumerRecord : records) {
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_KEY, consumerRecord.key());
+            assertEquals(MESSAGE_VALUE, consumerRecord.value());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void givenAListOfMessageWithKeys_whenPublishedToKafka_thenCheckedIfPublishedToSamePartition() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+
+        boolean isSamePartition = true;
+        int partition = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+            ProducerRecord<String, String> producerRecord = new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, MESSAGE_KEY, MESSAGE_VALUE);
+            Future<RecordMetadata> future = producer.send(producerRecord);
+
+            RecordMetadata metadata = future.get();
+
+            assertNotNull(metadata);
+            if (i == 1) {
+                partition = metadata.partition();
+            } else {
+                if (partition != metadata.partition()) {
+                    isSamePartition = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(isSamePartition);
+    }
+}

apache-poi-2/README.md

@@ -12,4 +12,5 @@ This module contains articles about Apache POI.
 - [Finding the Last Row in an Excel Spreadsheet From Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-excel-find-last-row)
 - [Setting Formulas in Excel with Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-set-formulas)
 - [Set the Date Format Using Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-date-format)
+- [Replacing Variables in a Document Template with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-replace-pattern-word-document-doc-docx)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../apache-poi)

apache-poi-2/pom.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>apache-poi-2</artifactId>
@@ -19,10 +19,15 @@
             <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
             <version>${poi.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
+            <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
+            <version>${poi.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
-        <poi.version>5.2.0</poi.version>
+        <poi.version>5.2.3</poi.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-poi-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/replacevariables/DocTextReplacer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.replacevariables;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import org.apache.poi.hwpf.HWPFDocument;
+import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Range;
+import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
+
+public class DocTextReplacer {
+
+    public void replaceText() throws IOException {
+        String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader()
+          .getResource("baeldung.doc")
+          .getPath();
+        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath); POIFSFileSystem fileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(inputStream)) {
+            HWPFDocument doc = new HWPFDocument(fileSystem);
+            doc = replaceText(doc, "Baeldung", "Hello");
+            saveFile(filePath, doc);
+            doc.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private HWPFDocument replaceText(HWPFDocument doc, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        Range range = doc.getRange();
+        range.replaceText(originalText, updatedText);
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    private void saveFile(String filePath, HWPFDocument doc) throws IOException {
+        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
+            doc.write(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-poi-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/replacevariables/DocxNaiveTextReplacer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.replacevariables;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTable;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableCell;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableRow;
+
+public class DocxNaiveTextReplacer {
+
+    public void replaceText() throws IOException {
+        String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader()
+          .getResource("baeldung-copy.docx")
+          .getPath();
+        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
+            XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument(inputStream);
+            doc = replaceText(doc, "Baeldung", "Hello");
+            saveFile(filePath, doc);
+            doc.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private XWPFDocument replaceText(XWPFDocument doc, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        replaceTextInParagraphs(doc.getParagraphs(), originalText, updatedText);
+        for (XWPFTable tbl : doc.getTables()) {
+            for (XWPFTableRow row : tbl.getRows()) {
+                for (XWPFTableCell cell : row.getTableCells()) {
+                    replaceTextInParagraphs(cell.getParagraphs(), originalText, updatedText);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    private void replaceTextInParagraphs(List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        paragraphs.forEach(paragraph -> replaceTextInParagraph(paragraph, originalText, updatedText));
+    }
+
+    private void replaceTextInParagraph(XWPFParagraph paragraph, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        List<XWPFRun> runs = paragraph.getRuns();
+        for (XWPFRun run : runs) {
+            String text = run.getText(0);
+            if (text != null && text.contains(originalText)) {
+                String updatedRunText = text.replace(originalText, updatedText);
+                run.setText(updatedRunText, 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void saveFile(String filePath, XWPFDocument doc) throws IOException {
+        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
+            doc.write(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-poi-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/replacevariables/DocxTextReplacer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.replacevariables;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTable;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableCell;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableRow;
+
+public class DocxTextReplacer {
+
+    public void replaceText() throws IOException {
+        String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader()
+          .getResource("baeldung.docx")
+          .getPath();
+        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
+            XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument(inputStream);
+            doc = replaceText(doc, "Baeldung", "Hello");
+            saveFile(filePath, doc);
+            doc.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private XWPFDocument replaceText(XWPFDocument doc, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        replaceTextInParagraphs(doc.getParagraphs(), originalText, updatedText);
+        for (XWPFTable tbl : doc.getTables()) {
+            for (XWPFTableRow row : tbl.getRows()) {
+                for (XWPFTableCell cell : row.getTableCells()) {
+                    replaceTextInParagraphs(cell.getParagraphs(), originalText, updatedText);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    private void replaceTextInParagraphs(List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        paragraphs.forEach(paragraph -> replaceTextInParagraph(paragraph, originalText, updatedText));
+    }
+
+    private void replaceTextInParagraph(XWPFParagraph paragraph, String originalText, String updatedText) {
+        String paragraphText = paragraph.getParagraphText();
+        if (paragraphText.contains(originalText)) {
+            String updatedParagraphText = paragraphText.replace(originalText, updatedText);
+            while (paragraph.getRuns().size() > 0) {
+                paragraph.removeRun(0);
+            }
+            XWPFRun newRun = paragraph.createRun();
+            newRun.setText(updatedParagraphText);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void saveFile(String filePath, XWPFDocument doc) throws IOException {
+        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
+            doc.write(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-poi-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/replacevariables/DocTextReplacerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.replacevariables;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.poi.hwpf.HWPFDocument;
+import org.apache.poi.hwpf.extractor.WordExtractor;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class DocTextReplacerUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenReplaceText_ThenTextReplaced() throws IOException {
+        new DocTextReplacer().replaceText();
+
+        String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader()
+          .getResource("baeldung.doc")
+          .getPath();
+        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath); HWPFDocument document = new HWPFDocument(fis); WordExtractor extractor = new WordExtractor(document)) {
+            long occurrencesOfHello = Arrays.stream(extractor.getText()
+                .split("\\s+"))
+              .filter(s -> s.contains("Hello"))
+              .count();
+            assertEquals(5, occurrencesOfHello);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-poi-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/replacevariables/DocxNaiveTextReplacerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.replacevariables;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.extractor.XWPFWordExtractor;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class DocxNaiveTextReplacerUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenReplaceText_ThenTextReplaced() throws IOException {
+        new DocxNaiveTextReplacer().replaceText();
+
+        String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader()
+          .getResource("baeldung-copy.docx")
+          .getPath();
+        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath); XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis); XWPFWordExtractor extractor = new XWPFWordExtractor(document)) {
+            long occurrencesOfHello = Arrays.stream(extractor.getText()
+                .split("\\s+"))
+              .filter(s -> s.contains("Hello"))
+              .count();
+            assertTrue(occurrencesOfHello < 5);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-poi-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/replacevariables/DocxTestReplacerUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package com.baeldung.poi.replacevariables;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.extractor.XWPFWordExtractor;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class DocxTestReplacerUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void whenReplaceText_ThenTextReplaced() throws IOException {
+        new DocxTextReplacer().replaceText();
+
+        String filePath = getClass().getClassLoader()
+          .getResource("baeldung.docx")
+          .getPath();
+        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath); XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis); XWPFWordExtractor extractor = new XWPFWordExtractor(document)) {
+            long occurrencesOfHello = Arrays.stream(extractor.getText()
+                .split("\\s+"))
+              .filter(s -> s.contains("Hello"))
+              .count();
+            assertEquals(5, occurrencesOfHello);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jexcel/JExcelHelper.java

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public class JExcelHelper {
             sheet.addCell(cellLabel);
             Number cellNumber = new Number(1, 2, 20, cellFormat);
             sheet.addCell(cellNumber);
-			
+
             workbook.write();
         } finally {
             if (workbook != null) {

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelPOIHelper.java

@@ -33,36 +33,29 @@ public class ExcelPOIHelper {
             data.put(i, new ArrayList<String>());
             for (Cell cell : row) {
                 switch (cell.getCellType()) {
-                case STRING:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(cell.getRichStringCellValue()
-                            .getString());
-                    break;
-                case NUMERIC:
-                    if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
-                        data.get(i)
-                            .add(cell.getDateCellValue() + "");
-                    } else {
-                        data.get(i)
-                            .add((int)cell.getNumericCellValue() + "");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case BOOLEAN:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(cell.getBooleanCellValue() + "");
-                    break;
-                case FORMULA:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(cell.getCellFormula() + "");
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(" ");
+                    case STRING:
+                        data.get(i).add(cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+                        break;
+                    case NUMERIC:
+                        if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
+                            data.get(i).add(cell.getDateCellValue() + "");
+                        } else {
+                            data.get(i).add((int) cell.getNumericCellValue() + "");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case BOOLEAN:
+                        data.get(i).add(cell.getBooleanCellValue() + "");
+                        break;
+                    case FORMULA:
+                        data.get(i).add(cell.getCellFormula() + "");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        data.get(i).add(" ");
                 }
             }
             i++;
         }
-        if (workbook != null){
+        if (workbook != null) {
             workbook.close();
         }
         return data;
@@ -117,9 +110,9 @@ public class ExcelPOIHelper {
             workbook.write(outputStream);
         } finally {
             if (workbook != null) {
-               
-                    workbook.close();
-               
+
+                workbook.close();
+
             }
         }
     }

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelUtility.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
 import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
 
 public class ExcelUtility {
+
     private static final String ENDLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator");
 
     public static String readExcel(String filePath) throws IOException {
@@ -23,13 +24,9 @@ public class ExcelUtility {
             inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
             Workbook baeuldungWorkBook = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
             for (Sheet sheet : baeuldungWorkBook) {
-                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-                    .append(ENDLINE);
-                toReturn.append("Worksheet :")
-                    .append(sheet.getSheetName())
-                    .append(ENDLINE);
-                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-                    .append(ENDLINE);
+                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+                toReturn.append("Worksheet :").append(sheet.getSheetName()).append(ENDLINE);
+                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
                 int firstRow = sheet.getFirstRowNum();
                 int lastRow = sheet.getLastRowNum();
                 for (int index = firstRow + 1; index <= lastRow; index++) {
@@ -39,8 +36,7 @@ public class ExcelUtility {
                         Cell cell = row.getCell(cellIndex, Row.MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK);
                         printCellValue(cell, toReturn);
                     }
-                    toReturn.append(" ||")
-                        .append(ENDLINE);
+                    toReturn.append(" ||").append(ENDLINE);
                 }
             }
             inputStream.close();
@@ -53,24 +49,19 @@ public class ExcelUtility {
     }
 
     public static void printCellValue(Cell cell, StringBuilder toReturn) {
-        CellType cellType = cell.getCellType()
-            .equals(CellType.FORMULA) ? cell.getCachedFormulaResultType() : cell.getCellType();
+        CellType cellType = cell.getCellType().equals(CellType.FORMULA) ? cell.getCachedFormulaResultType() : cell.getCellType();
         if (cellType.equals(CellType.STRING)) {
-            toReturn.append(cell.getStringCellValue())
-                .append(" | ");
+            toReturn.append(cell.getStringCellValue()).append(" | ");
         }
         if (cellType.equals(CellType.NUMERIC)) {
             if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
-                toReturn.append(cell.getDateCellValue())
-                    .append(" | ");
+                toReturn.append(cell.getDateCellValue()).append(" | ");
             } else {
-                toReturn.append(cell.getNumericCellValue())
-                    .append(" | ");
+                toReturn.append(cell.getNumericCellValue()).append(" | ");
             }
         }
         if (cellType.equals(CellType.BOOLEAN)) {
-            toReturn.append(cell.getBooleanCellValue())
-                .append(" | ");
+            toReturn.append(cell.getBooleanCellValue()).append(" | ");
         }
     }
 }

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyleHandler.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ public class CellStyleHandler {
 
     public void changeCellBackgroundColor(Cell cell) {
         CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
-        if(cellStyle == null) {
+        if (cellStyle == null) {
             cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().createCellStyle();
         }
         cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.LIGHT_BLUE.getIndex());
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class CellStyleHandler {
 
     public void changeCellBackgroundColorWithPattern(Cell cell) {
         CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
-        if(cellStyle == null) {
+        if (cellStyle == null) {
             cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().createCellStyle();
         }
         cellStyle.setFillBackgroundColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index);

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyler.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.VerticalAlignment;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
 
 public class CellStyler {
+
     public CellStyle createWarningColor(Workbook workbook) {
         CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
 

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/multilinetext/MultilineText.java

@@ -4,13 +4,10 @@ import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
 
 public class MultilineText {
+
     public void formatMultilineText(Cell cell, int cellNumber) {
-        cell.getRow()
-            .setHeightInPoints(cell.getSheet()
-                .getDefaultRowHeightInPoints() * 2);
-        CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getSheet()
-            .getWorkbook()
-            .createCellStyle();
+        cell.getRow().setHeightInPoints(cell.getSheet().getDefaultRowHeightInPoints() * 2);
+        CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().createCellStyle();
         cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
         cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
     }

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/read/cellvalueandnotformula/CellValueAndNotFormulaHelper.java

@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ public class CellValueAndNotFormulaHelper {
         Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
 
         Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
-        FormulaEvaluator evaluator = workbook.getCreationHelper()
-            .createFormulaEvaluator();
+        FormulaEvaluator evaluator = workbook.getCreationHelper().createFormulaEvaluator();
 
         CellAddress cellAddress = new CellAddress(cellLocation);
         Row row = sheet.getRow(cellAddress.getRow());

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jexcel/JExcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -36,22 +36,18 @@ public class JExcelIntegrationTest {
     public void whenParsingJExcelFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException, BiffException {
         Map<Integer, List<String>> data = jExcelHelper.readJExcel(fileLocation);
 
-        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0).get(0));
+        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0).get(1));
 
-        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(2)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("20", data.get(2)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(2).get(0));
+        assertEquals("20", data.get(2).get(1));
     }
 
     @After
-    public void cleanup(){
+    public void cleanup() {
         File testFile = new File(fileLocation);
         if (testFile.exists()) {
-           testFile.delete();     
+            testFile.delete();
         }
     }
 }

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelCellFormatterUnitTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ExcelCellFormatterUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "ExcelCellFormatterTest.xlsx";
     private static final int STRING_CELL_INDEX = 0;
     private static final int BOOLEAN_CELL_INDEX = 1;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ public class ExcelCellFormatterUnitTest {
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-            fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -33,22 +33,18 @@ public class ExcelIntegrationTest {
     public void whenParsingPOIExcelFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
         Map<Integer, List<String>> data = excelPOIHelper.readExcel(fileLocation);
 
-        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0).get(0));
+        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0).get(1));
 
-        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(1)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("20", data.get(1)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(1).get(0));
+        assertEquals("20", data.get(1).get(1));
     }
 
     @After
-    public void cleanup(){
+    public void cleanup() {
         File testFile = new File(fileLocation);
         if (testFile.exists()) {
-           testFile.delete();     
+            testFile.delete();
         }
     }
 }

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelUtilityUnitTest.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ExcelUtilityUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "baeldung.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;
     private static final String ENDLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator");
@@ -21,39 +22,18 @@ public class ExcelUtilityUnitTest {
     @Before
     public void setupUnitTest() throws IOException, URISyntaxException, ParseException {
         output = new StringBuilder();
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet1")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name1 | Surname1 | 3.55696564113E11 | ")
-            .append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021")
-                .toString())
-            .append(" | ‡ |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name2 | Surname2 | 5.646513512E9 | ")
-            .append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/12/2021")
-                .toString())
-            .append(" | false |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name3 | Surname3 | 3.55696564113E11 | ")
-            .append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021")
-                .toString())
-            .append(" | 7.17039641738E11 |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet2")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name4 | Surname4 | 3.55675623232E11 | 13/04/2021 |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet1").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name1 | Surname1 | 3.55696564113E11 | ").append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021").toString()).append(" | ‡ |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name2 | Surname2 | 5.646513512E9 | ").append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/12/2021").toString()).append(" | false |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name3 | Surname3 | 3.55696564113E11 | ").append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021").toString()).append(" | 7.17039641738E11 |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet2").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name4 | Surname4 | 3.55675623232E11 | 13/04/2021 |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
 
-        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME)
-            .toURI())
-            .toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellBorderHandlerUnitTest.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 public class CellBorderHandlerUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "cellstyle/CellStyleBorderHandlerTest.xlsx";
     private static final int SHEET_INDEX = 0;
 

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyleHandlerUnitTest.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class CellStyleHandlerUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "cellstyle/CellStyleHandlerTest.xlsx";
     private static final int SHEET_INDEX = 0;
     private static final int ROW_INDEX = 0;

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStylerUnitTest.java

@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class CellStylerUnitTest {
+
     private static String FILE_NAME = "com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyle.xlsx";
     private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "CellStyleTest_output.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME)
-            .toURI())
-            .toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/insert/ExcelInsertRowUnitTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 
 public class ExcelInsertRowUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "test.xlsx";
     private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "new_test.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/merge/ExcelCellMergerUnitTest.java

@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ExcelCellMergerUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "ExcelCellFormatterTest.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-            fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -28,9 +29,9 @@ public class ExcelCellMergerUnitTest {
         Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
 
         assertEquals(0, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
-        int firstRow = 0; 
-        int lastRow = 0; 
-        int firstCol = 0; 
+        int firstRow = 0;
+        int lastRow = 0;
+        int firstCol = 0;
         int lastCol = 2;
         sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(firstRow, lastRow, firstCol, lastCol));
         assertEquals(1, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ public class ExcelCellMergerUnitTest {
         Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileLocation);
         Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
 
-        assertEquals(0, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());        
+        assertEquals(0, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
         sheet.addMergedRegion(CellRangeAddress.valueOf("A1:C1"));
         assertEquals(1, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
 

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/multilinetext/MultilineTextUnitTest.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class MultilineTextUnitTest {
+
     private static String FILE_NAME = "com/baeldung/poi/excel/multilinetext/MultilineTextTest.xlsx";
     private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "MultilineTextTest_output.xlsx";
     private static final int STRING_ROW_INDEX = 1;
@@ -29,9 +30,7 @@ public class MultilineTextUnitTest {
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME)
-            .toURI())
-            .toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -53,13 +52,9 @@ public class MultilineTextUnitTest {
         File file = new File(NEW_FILE_NAME);
         FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
         Workbook testWorkbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
-        assertTrue(row.getHeightInPoints() == testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0)
-            .getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX)
-            .getHeightInPoints());
+        assertTrue(row.getHeightInPoints() == testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0).getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX).getHeightInPoints());
         DataFormatter formatter = new DataFormatter();
-        assertEquals("Hello \n world!", formatter.formatCellValue(testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0)
-            .getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX)
-            .getCell(STRING_CELL_INDEX)));
+        assertEquals("Hello \n world!", formatter.formatCellValue(testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0).getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX).getCell(STRING_CELL_INDEX)));
         testWorkbook.close();
         fileInputStream.close();
         file.delete();

apache-spark/pom.xml

@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-core_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-core_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${org.apache.spark.spark-core.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-sql_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-sql_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${org.apache.spark.spark-sql.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-graphx_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-graphx_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${org.apache.spark.spark-graphx.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
@@ -37,22 +37,22 @@
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-streaming_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-streaming_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${org.apache.spark.spark-streaming.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-mllib_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-mllib_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${org.apache.spark.spark-mllib.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-streaming-kafka-0-10_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-streaming-kafka-0-10_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${org.apache.spark.spark-streaming-kafka.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.datastax.spark</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spark-cassandra-connector_2.11</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>spark-cassandra-connector_2.12</artifactId>
             <version>${com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector.version}</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
@@ -97,17 +97,17 @@
     </repositories>
 
     <properties>
-        <org.apache.spark.spark-core.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-core.version>
-        <org.apache.spark.spark-sql.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-sql.version>
-        <org.apache.spark.spark-streaming.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-streaming.version>
-        <org.apache.spark.spark-mllib.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-mllib.version>
-        <org.apache.spark.spark-graphx.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-graphx.version>
+        <org.apache.spark.spark-core.version>3.3.2</org.apache.spark.spark-core.version>
+        <org.apache.spark.spark-sql.version>3.3.2</org.apache.spark.spark-sql.version>
+        <org.apache.spark.spark-streaming.version>3.3.2</org.apache.spark.spark-streaming.version>
+        <org.apache.spark.spark-mllib.version>3.3.2</org.apache.spark.spark-mllib.version>
+        <org.apache.spark.spark-graphx.version>3.3.2</org.apache.spark.spark-graphx.version>
         <graphframes.version>0.8.1-spark3.0-s_2.12</graphframes.version>
-        <org.apache.spark.spark-streaming-kafka.version>2.4.8</org.apache.spark.spark-streaming-kafka.version>
-        <com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector.version>2.5.2</com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector.version>
+        <org.apache.spark.spark-streaming-kafka.version>3.3.2</org.apache.spark.spark-streaming-kafka.version>
+        <com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector.version>3.3.0</com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector.version>
         <com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector-java.version>1.6.0-M1</com.datastax.spark.spark-cassandra-connector-java.version>
         <maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.3.0</maven-assembly-plugin.version>
-        <postgres.version>42.3.3</postgres.version>
+        <postgres.version>42.5.4</postgres.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-spark/src/main/java/com/baeldung/data/pipeline/WordCountingAppWithCheckpoint.java

@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.Optional;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function2;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function3;
 import org.apache.spark.streaming.Durations;
+import org.apache.spark.streaming.State;
 import org.apache.spark.streaming.StateSpec;
 import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaDStream;
 import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaInputDStream;
@@ -74,7 +77,8 @@ public class WordCountingAppWithCheckpoint {
         JavaPairDStream<String, Integer> wordCounts = words.mapToPair(s -> new Tuple2<>(s, 1))
             .reduceByKey((Function2<Integer, Integer, Integer>) (i1, i2) -> i1 + i2);
 
-        JavaMapWithStateDStream<String, Integer, Integer, Tuple2<String, Integer>> cumulativeWordCounts = wordCounts.mapWithState(StateSpec.function((word, one, state) -> {
+        JavaMapWithStateDStream<String, Integer, Integer, Tuple2<String, Integer>> cumulativeWordCounts =
+                wordCounts.mapWithState(StateSpec.function((Function3<String, Optional<Integer>, State<Integer>, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (word, one, state) -> {
             int sum = one.orElse(0) + (state.exists() ? state.get() : 0);
             Tuple2<String, Integer> output = new Tuple2<>(word, sum);
             state.update(sum);