new formatter

.gitignore

@@ -124,7 +124,4 @@ devDb*.db
 *.xjb
 
 #neo4j
-persistence-modules/neo4j/data/**
-/deep-shallow-copy/.mvn/wrapper
-/deep-shallow-copy/mvnw
-/deep-shallow-copy/mvnw.cmd
+persistence-modules/neo4j/data/**

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithm.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class KadaneAlgorithm {
 
-    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KadaneAlgorithm.class.getName());
+    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BruteForceAlgorithm.class.getName());
 
     public int maxSubArraySum(int[] arr) {
 
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ public class KadaneAlgorithm {
         int end = 0;
 
         int maxSoFar = arr[0], maxEndingHere = arr[0];
-
         for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
-            maxEndingHere = maxEndingHere + arr[i];
-            if (arr[i] > maxEndingHere) {
+
+            if (arr[i] > maxEndingHere + arr[i]) {
+                start = i;
                 maxEndingHere = arr[i];
-                if (maxSoFar < maxEndingHere) {
-                    start = i;
-                }
+            } else {
+                maxEndingHere = maxEndingHere + arr[i];
             }
+
             if (maxSoFar < maxEndingHere) {
                 maxSoFar = maxEndingHere;
                 end = i;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-5/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/maximumsubarray/KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 class KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest {
 
     @Test
-    void givenArrayWithNegativeNumberWhenMaximumSubarrayThenReturnsExpectedResult() {
+    void givenArrayWithNegativeNumberWhenMaximumSubarrayThenReturns6() {
         //given
         int[] arr = new int[] { -3, 1, -8, 4, -1, 2, 1, -5, 5 };
         //when
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest {
         //then
         assertEquals(-1, maxSum);
     }
-
+    
     @Test
     void givenArrayWithAllPosiitveNumbersWhenMaximumSubarrayThenReturnsExpectedResult() {
         //given
@@ -39,15 +39,4 @@ class KadaneAlgorithmUnitTest {
         assertEquals(10, maxSum);
     }
 
-    @Test
-    void givenArrayToTestStartIndexWhenMaximumSubarrayThenReturnsExpectedResult() {
-        //given
-        int[] arr = new int[] { 1, 2, -1, 3, -6, -2 };
-        //when
-        KadaneAlgorithm algorithm = new KadaneAlgorithm();
-        int maxSum = algorithm.maxSubArraySum(arr);
-        //then
-        assertEquals(5, maxSum);
-    }
-
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingDeque.java

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ public class BalancedBracketsUsingDeque {
             if (ch == '{' || ch == '[' || ch == '(') {
                 deque.addFirst(ch);
             } else {
-                if (!deque.isEmpty() && ((deque.peekFirst() == '{' && ch == '}') || (deque.peekFirst() == '[' && ch == ']') || (deque.peekFirst() == '(' && ch == ')'))) {
+                if (!deque.isEmpty() && ((deque.peekFirst() == '{' && ch == '}') || (deque.peekFirst() == '[' && ch == ']') || (deque.peekFirst() == '(' &&
+                    ch == ')'))) {
                     deque.removeFirst();
                 } else {
                     return false;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingString.java

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ public class BalancedBracketsUsingString {
         }
 
         while (str.contains("()") || str.contains("[]") || str.contains("{}")) {
-            str = str.replaceAll("\\(\\)", "")
-                .replaceAll("\\[\\]", "")
-                .replaceAll("\\{\\}", "");
+            str = str.replaceAll("\\(\\)", "").replaceAll("\\[\\]", "").replaceAll("\\{\\}", "");
         }
         return (str.length() == 0);
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/boruvka/BoruvkaMST.java

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import com.google.common.graph.ValueGraphBuilder;
 
 public class BoruvkaMST {
 
-    private static MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> mst = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected()
-        .build();
+    private static MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> mst = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected().build();
     private static int totalWeight;
 
     public BoruvkaMST(MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> graph) {
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ public class BoruvkaMST {
 
         // repeat at most log N times or until we have N-1 edges
         for (int t = 1; t < size && mst.edges().size() < size - 1; t = t + t) {
-            
+
             EndpointPair<Integer>[] closestEdgeArray = new EndpointPair[size];
 
             // foreach tree in graph, find closest edge
@@ -69,13 +68,9 @@ public class BoruvkaMST {
         }
     }
 
-    public MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> getMST() {
-        return mst;
-    }
+    public MutableValueGraph<Integer, Integer> getMST() { return mst; }
 
-    public int getTotalWeight() {
-        return totalWeight;
-    }
+    public int getTotalWeight() { return totalWeight; }
 
     public String toString() {
         return "MST: " + mst.toString() + " | Total Weight: " + totalWeight;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/boruvka/UnionFind.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.boruvka;
 
 public class UnionFind {
+
     private int[] parents;
     private int[] ranks;
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/caesarcipher/CaesarCipher.java

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ public class CaesarCipher {
     private static final char LETTER_A = 'a';
     private static final char LETTER_Z = 'z';
     private static final int ALPHABET_SIZE = LETTER_Z - LETTER_A + 1;
-    private static final double[] ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES = {0.073, 0.009, 0.030, 0.044, 0.130, 0.028, 0.016, 0.035, 0.074, 0.002, 0.003, 0.035, 0.025, 0.078, 0.074, 0.027, 0.003, 0.077, 0.063, 0.093, 0.027, 0.013, 0.016, 0.005, 0.019, 0.001};
+    private static final double[] ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES = { 0.073, 0.009, 0.030, 0.044, 0.130, 0.028, 0.016, 0.035, 0.074, 0.002, 0.003, 0.035, 0.025,
+        0.078, 0.074, 0.027, 0.003, 0.077, 0.063, 0.093, 0.027, 0.013, 0.016, 0.005, 0.019, 0.001 };
 
     public String cipher(String message, int offset) {
         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
@@ -57,21 +58,15 @@ public class CaesarCipher {
     }
 
     private long[] observedLettersFrequencies(String message) {
-        return IntStream.rangeClosed(LETTER_A, LETTER_Z)
-          .mapToLong(letter -> countLetter((char) letter, message))
-          .toArray();
+        return IntStream.rangeClosed(LETTER_A, LETTER_Z).mapToLong(letter -> countLetter((char) letter, message)).toArray();
     }
 
     private long countLetter(char letter, String message) {
-        return message.chars()
-          .filter(character -> character == letter)
-          .count();
+        return message.chars().filter(character -> character == letter).count();
     }
 
     private double[] expectedLettersFrequencies(int messageLength) {
-        return Arrays.stream(ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES)
-          .map(probability -> probability * messageLength)
-          .toArray();
+        return Arrays.stream(ENGLISH_LETTERS_PROBABILITIES).map(probability -> probability * messageLength).toArray();
     }
 
     private int probableOffset(double[] chiSquares) {

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/Follower.java

@@ -4,17 +4,19 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 
 public class Follower {
 
-    @Getter String username;
-    @Getter long count;
-    
+    @Getter
+    String username;
+    @Getter
+    long count;
+
     public Follower(String username, long count) {
         super();
         this.username = username;
         this.count = count;
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "User: " + username + ", Followers: " + count + "\n\r" ; 
+        return "User: " + username + ", Followers: " + count + "\n\r";
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/FollowersPath.java

@@ -7,38 +7,32 @@ public class FollowersPath {
 
     private List<Follower> accounts;
     private long count;
-    
+
     public FollowersPath() {
         super();
         this.accounts = new ArrayList<>();
     }
-    
-    public List<Follower> getAccounts() {
-        return accounts;
-    }
-    public long getCount() {
-        return count;
-    }
-    
+
+    public List<Follower> getAccounts() { return accounts; }
+
+    public long getCount() { return count; }
+
     public void addFollower(String username, long count) {
         accounts.add(new Follower(username, count));
     }
-    
+
     public void addCount(long count) {
         this.count += count;
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         String details = "";
-        for(Follower a : accounts) {
-            details+=a.toString() + ", ";
+        for (Follower a : accounts) {
+            details += a.toString() + ", ";
         }
-        
-        return "Total: " + count + ", \n\r" +
-                " Details: { " + "\n\r" + 
-                details + "\n\r" + 
-                " }";
+
+        return "Total: " + count + ", \n\r" + " Details: { " + "\n\r" + details + "\n\r" + " }";
     }
-    
+
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/GreedyAlgorithm.java

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ import java.util.List;
 public class GreedyAlgorithm {
 
     int currentLevel = 0;
-    final int maxLevel = 3; 
+    final int maxLevel = 3;
     SocialConnector sc;
     FollowersPath fp;
-    
+
     public GreedyAlgorithm(SocialConnector sc) {
         super();
         this.sc = sc;
         this.fp = new FollowersPath();
     }
-    
+
     public long findMostFollowersPath(String account) {
         long max = 0;
         SocialUser toFollow = null;
-        
+
         List<SocialUser> followers = sc.getFollowers(account);
         for (SocialUser el : followers) {
             long followersCount = el.getFollowersCount();
@@ -27,17 +27,15 @@ public class GreedyAlgorithm {
                 max = followersCount;
             }
         }
-        
+
         if (currentLevel < maxLevel - 1) {
             currentLevel++;
             max += findMostFollowersPath(toFollow.getUsername());
             return max;
         } else {
             return max;
-        }            
-    }
-    
-    public FollowersPath getFollowers() {
-        return fp;
+        }
     }
+
+    public FollowersPath getFollowers() { return fp; }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/NonGreedyAlgorithm.java

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ import java.util.List;
 public class NonGreedyAlgorithm {
 
     int currentLevel = 0;
-    final int maxLevel = 3; 
+    final int maxLevel = 3;
     SocialConnector tc;
-    
+
     public NonGreedyAlgorithm(SocialConnector tc, int level) {
         super();
         this.tc = tc;
         this.currentLevel = level;
     }
-      
+
     public long findMostFollowersPath(String account) {
         List<SocialUser> followers = tc.getFollowers(account);
         long total = currentLevel > 0 ? followers.size() : 0;
 
-        if (currentLevel < maxLevel ) {
+        if (currentLevel < maxLevel) {
             currentLevel++;
 
             long[] count = new long[followers.size()];
@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ public class NonGreedyAlgorithm {
                 count[i] = sub.findMostFollowersPath(el.getUsername());
                 i++;
             }
-            
+
             long max = 0;
             for (; i > 0; i--) {
-                if (count[i-1] > max )
-                    max = count[i-1];
+                if (count[i - 1] > max)
+                    max = count[i - 1];
             }
-            
+
             return total + max;
         }
-        
+
         return total;
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/SocialConnector.java

@@ -7,25 +7,29 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.Setter;
 
 public class SocialConnector {
+
     private boolean isCounterEnabled = true;
     private int counter = 4;
-    @Getter @Setter List<SocialUser> users;
-    
+    @Getter
+    @Setter
+    List<SocialUser> users;
+
     public SocialConnector() {
         users = new ArrayList<>();
     }
-    
+
     public boolean switchCounter() {
         this.isCounterEnabled = !this.isCounterEnabled;
         return this.isCounterEnabled;
     }
-    
+
     public List<SocialUser> getFollowers(String account) {
         if (counter < 0)
-            throw new IllegalStateException ("API limit reached");
+            throw new IllegalStateException("API limit reached");
         else {
-            if(this.isCounterEnabled) counter--;
-            for(SocialUser user : users) {
+            if (this.isCounterEnabled)
+                counter--;
+            for (SocialUser user : users) {
                 if (user.getUsername().equals(account)) {
                     return user.getFollowers();
                 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/SocialUser.java

@@ -7,32 +7,32 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 
 public class SocialUser {
 
-    @Getter private String username;
-    @Getter private List<SocialUser> followers;
+    @Getter
+    private String username;
+    @Getter
+    private List<SocialUser> followers;
 
     public SocialUser(String username) {
         super();
         this.username = username;
         this.followers = new ArrayList<>();
     }
-    
+
     public SocialUser(String username, List<SocialUser> followers) {
         super();
         this.username = username;
         this.followers = followers;
     }
-    
-    public long getFollowersCount() {
-        return followers.size();
-    }
-    
+
+    public long getFollowersCount() { return followers.size(); }
+
     public void addFollowers(List<SocialUser> followers) {
         this.followers.addAll(followers);
     }
-    
+
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
         return ((SocialUser) obj).getUsername().equals(username);
     }
-    
+
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kruskal/DisjointSetInfo.java

@@ -10,19 +10,11 @@ public class DisjointSetInfo {
         setRank(1);
     }
 
-    public Integer getParentNode() {
-        return parentNode;
-    }
+    public Integer getParentNode() { return parentNode; }
 
-    public void setParentNode(Integer parentNode) {
-        this.parentNode = parentNode;
-    }
+    public void setParentNode(Integer parentNode) { this.parentNode = parentNode; }
 
-    public int getRank() {
-        return rank;
-    }
+    public int getRank() { return rank; }
 
-    public void setRank(int rank) {
-        this.rank = rank;
-    }
+    public void setRank(int rank) { this.rank = rank; }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/ListNode.java

@@ -10,19 +10,11 @@ public class ListNode {
         this.next = null;
     }
 
-    public int getData() {
-        return data;
-    }
+    public int getData() { return data; }
 
-    public ListNode getNext() {
-        return next;
-    }
+    public ListNode getNext() { return next; }
 
-    public void setData(int data) {
-        this.data = data;
-    }
+    public void setData(int data) { this.data = data; }
 
-    public void setNext(ListNode next) {
-        this.next = next;
-    }
+    public void setNext(ListNode next) { this.next = next; }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/minheapmerge/MinHeap.java

@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ public class MinHeap {
         return (2 * index + 2);
     }
 
-    HeapNode getRootNode() {
-        return heapNodes[0];
-    }
+    HeapNode getRootNode() { return heapNodes[0]; }
 
     void heapifyFromRoot() {
         heapify(0);
@@ -58,7 +56,7 @@ public class MinHeap {
         heapNodes[i] = heapNodes[j];
         heapNodes[j] = temp;
     }
-    
+
     static int[] merge(int[][] array) {
         HeapNode[] heapNodes = new HeapNode[array.length];
         int resultingArraySize = 0;
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ public class MinHeap {
             heapNodes[i] = node;
             resultingArraySize += array[i].length;
         }
-        
+
         MinHeap minHeap = new MinHeap(heapNodes);
         int[] resultingArray = new int[resultingArraySize];
 

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Board.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class Board {
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Board.class);
 
     private final int[][] board;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ public class Board {
     private final int score;
 
     public Board(int size) {
-        assert(size > 0);
+        assert (size > 0);
 
         this.board = new int[size][];
         this.score = 0;
@@ -38,19 +39,15 @@ public class Board {
         }
     }
 
-    public int getSize() {
-        return board.length;
-    }
+    public int getSize() { return board.length; }
 
-    public int getScore() {
-        return score;
-    }
+    public int getScore() { return score; }
 
     public int getCell(Cell cell) {
         int x = cell.getX();
         int y = cell.getY();
-        assert(x >= 0 && x < board.length);
-        assert(y >= 0 && y < board.length);
+        assert (x >= 0 && x < board.length);
+        assert (y >= 0 && y < board.length);
 
         return board[x][y];
     }
@@ -90,7 +87,8 @@ public class Board {
         }
 
         LOG.debug("Before move: {}", Arrays.deepToString(tiles));
-        // If we're doing an Left/Right move then transpose the board to make it a Up/Down move
+        // If we're doing an Left/Right move then transpose the board to make it a
+        // Up/Down move
         if (move == Move.LEFT || move == Move.RIGHT) {
             tiles = transpose(tiles);
             LOG.debug("After transpose: {}", Arrays.deepToString(tiles));

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Cell.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.algorithms.play2048;
 import java.util.StringJoiner;
 
 public class Cell {
+
     private int x;
     private int y;
 
@@ -11,13 +12,9 @@ public class Cell {
         this.y = y;
     }
 
-    public int getX() {
-        return x;
-    }
+    public int getX() { return x; }
 
-    public int getY() {
-        return y;
-    }
+    public int getY() { return y; }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Computer.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class Computer {
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Computer.class);
 
     private final SecureRandom rng = new SecureRandom();

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Human.java

@@ -12,69 +12,57 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class Human {
+
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Human.class);
 
     public Board makeMove(Board input) {
         // For each move in MOVE
-        //   Generate board from move
-        //   Generate Score for Board
+        // Generate board from move
+        // Generate Score for Board
         // Return board with the best score
         //
         // Generate Score
-        //   If Depth Limit
-        //     Return Final Score
-        //   Total Score = 0
-        //   For every empty square in new board
-        //     Generate board with "2" in square
-        //       Calculate Score
-        //       Total Score += (Score * 0.9)
-        //     Generate board with "4" in square
-        //       Calculate Score
-        //       Total Score += (Score * 0.1)
+        // If Depth Limit
+        // Return Final Score
+        // Total Score = 0
+        // For every empty square in new board
+        // Generate board with "2" in square
+        // Calculate Score
+        // Total Score += (Score * 0.9)
+        // Generate board with "4" in square
+        // Calculate Score
+        // Total Score += (Score * 0.1)
         //
         // Calculate Score
-        //   For each move in MOVE
-        //     Generate board from move
-        //     Generate score for board
-        //   Return the best generated score
+        // For each move in MOVE
+        // Generate board from move
+        // Generate score for board
+        // Return the best generated score
 
-        return Arrays.stream(Move.values())
-            .parallel()
-            .map(input::move)
-            .filter(board -> !board.equals(input))
-            .max(Comparator.comparingInt(board -> generateScore(board, 0)))
-            .orElse(input);
+        return Arrays.stream(Move.values()).parallel().map(input::move).filter(board -> !board.equals(input)).max(Comparator.comparingInt(board -> generateScore(board,
+                                                                                                                                                                 0))).orElse(input);
     }
 
     private int generateScore(Board board, int depth) {
         if (depth >= 3) {
             int finalScore = calculateFinalScore(board);
-            LOG.debug("Final score for board {}: {}", board,finalScore);
+            LOG.debug("Final score for board {}: {}", board, finalScore);
             return finalScore;
         }
 
-        return board.emptyCells().stream()
-            .parallel()
-            .flatMap(cell -> Stream.of(new Pair<>(cell, 2), new Pair<>(cell, 4)))
-            .mapToInt(move -> {
-                LOG.debug("Simulating move {} at depth {}", move, depth);
-                Board newBoard = board.placeTile(move.getFirst(), move.getSecond());
-                int boardScore = calculateScore(newBoard, depth + 1);
-                int calculatedScore = (int) (boardScore * (move.getSecond() == 2 ? 0.9 : 0.1));
-                LOG.debug("Calculated score for board {} and move {} at depth {}: {}", newBoard, move, depth, calculatedScore);
-                return calculatedScore;
-            })
-            .sum();
+        return board.emptyCells().stream().parallel().flatMap(cell -> Stream.of(new Pair<>(cell, 2), new Pair<>(cell, 4))).mapToInt(move -> {
+            LOG.debug("Simulating move {} at depth {}", move, depth);
+            Board newBoard = board.placeTile(move.getFirst(), move.getSecond());
+            int boardScore = calculateScore(newBoard, depth + 1);
+            int calculatedScore = (int) (boardScore * (move.getSecond() == 2 ? 0.9 : 0.1));
+            LOG.debug("Calculated score for board {} and move {} at depth {}: {}", newBoard, move, depth, calculatedScore);
+            return calculatedScore;
+        }).sum();
     }
 
     private int calculateScore(Board board, int depth) {
-        return Arrays.stream(Move.values())
-            .parallel()
-            .map(board::move)
-            .filter(moved -> !moved.equals(board))
-            .mapToInt(newBoard -> generateScore(newBoard, depth))
-            .max()
-            .orElse(0);
+        return Arrays.stream(Move.values()).parallel().map(board::move).filter(moved -> !moved.equals(board)).mapToInt(newBoard -> generateScore(newBoard,
+                                                                                                                                                 depth)).max().orElse(0);
     }
 
     private int calculateFinalScore(Board board) {
@@ -92,35 +80,30 @@ public class Human {
             rowsToScore.add(col);
         }
 
-        return rowsToScore.stream()
-            .parallel()
-            .mapToInt(row -> {
-                List<Integer> preMerged = row.stream()
-                    .filter(value -> value != 0)
-                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        return rowsToScore.stream().parallel().mapToInt(row -> {
+            List<Integer> preMerged = row.stream().filter(value -> value != 0).collect(Collectors.toList());
 
-                int numMerges = 0;
-                int monotonicityLeft = 0;
-                int monotonicityRight = 0;
-                for (int i = 0; i < preMerged.size() - 1; ++i) {
-                    Integer first = preMerged.get(i);
-                    Integer second = preMerged.get(i + 1);
-                    if (first.equals(second)) {
-                        ++numMerges;
-                    } else if (first > second) {
-                        monotonicityLeft += first - second;
-                    } else {
-                        monotonicityRight += second - first;
-                    }
+            int numMerges = 0;
+            int monotonicityLeft = 0;
+            int monotonicityRight = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < preMerged.size() - 1; ++i) {
+                Integer first = preMerged.get(i);
+                Integer second = preMerged.get(i + 1);
+                if (first.equals(second)) {
+                    ++numMerges;
+                } else if (first > second) {
+                    monotonicityLeft += first - second;
+                } else {
+                    monotonicityRight += second - first;
                 }
+            }
 
-                int score = 1000;
-                score += 250 * row.stream().filter(value -> value == 0).count();
-                score += 750 * numMerges;
-                score -= 10 * row.stream().mapToInt(value -> value).sum();
-                score -= 50 * Math.min(monotonicityLeft, monotonicityRight);
-                return score;
-            })
-            .sum();
+            int score = 1000;
+            score += 250 * row.stream().filter(value -> value == 0).count();
+            score += 750 * numMerges;
+            score -= 10 * row.stream().mapToInt(value -> value).sum();
+            score -= 50 * Math.min(monotonicityLeft, monotonicityRight);
+            return score;
+        }).sum();
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/play2048/Play2048.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.play2048;
 
 public class Play2048 {
+
     private static final int SIZE = 4;
     private static final int INITIAL_NUMBERS = 2;
 
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ public class Play2048 {
         topLines.append("+");
         midLines.append("|");
 
-
         for (int y = 0; y < board.getSize(); ++y) {
             System.out.println(topLines);
             System.out.println(midLines);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinder.java

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ package com.baeldung.algorithms.topkelements;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public interface TopKElementsFinder<T extends Comparable<T>> {
+
     List<T> findTopK(List<T> input, int k);
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingDequeUnitTest.java

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.balancedbrackets;
 
-
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class BalancedBracketsUsingDequeUnitTest {
+
     private BalancedBracketsUsingDeque balancedBracketsUsingDeque;
 
     @BeforeEach

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/balancedbrackets/BalancedBracketsUsingStringUnitTest.java

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.balancedbrackets;
 
-
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 class BalancedBracketsUsingStringUnitTest {
+
     private BalancedBracketsUsingString balancedBracketsUsingString;
 
     @BeforeEach

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/boruvka/BoruvkaUnitTest.java

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ class BoruvkaUnitTest {
 
     @BeforeEach
     public void setup() {
-        graph = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected()
-            .build();
+        graph = ValueGraphBuilder.undirected().build();
         graph.putEdgeValue(0, 1, 8);
         graph.putEdgeValue(0, 2, 5);
         graph.putEdgeValue(1, 2, 9);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/caesarcipher/CaesarCipherUnitTest.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 class CaesarCipherUnitTest {
+
     private static final String SENTENCE = "he told me i could never teach a llama to drive";
     private static final String SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE = "kh wrog ph l frxog qhyhu whdfk d oodpd wr gulyh";
     private static final String SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN = "ro dyvn wo s myevn xofob dokmr k vvkwk dy nbsfo";
@@ -15,69 +16,59 @@ class CaesarCipherUnitTest {
     void givenSentenceAndShiftThree_whenCipher_thenCipheredMessageWithoutOverflow() {
         String cipheredSentence = algorithm.cipher(SENTENCE, 3);
 
-        assertThat(cipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE);
+        assertThat(cipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceAndShiftTen_whenCipher_thenCipheredMessageWithOverflow() {
         String cipheredSentence = algorithm.cipher(SENTENCE, 10);
 
-        assertThat(cipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
+        assertThat(cipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceAndShiftThirtySix_whenCipher_thenCipheredLikeTenMessageWithOverflow() {
         String cipheredSentence = algorithm.cipher(SENTENCE, 36);
 
-        assertThat(cipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
+        assertThat(cipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedThreeAndShiftThree_whenDecipher_thenOriginalSentenceWithoutOverflow() {
         String decipheredSentence = algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE, 3);
 
-        assertThat(decipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(decipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedTenAndShiftTen_whenDecipher_thenOriginalSentenceWithOverflow() {
         String decipheredSentence = algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, 10);
 
-        assertThat(decipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(decipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedTenAndShiftThirtySix_whenDecipher_thenOriginalSentenceWithOverflow() {
         String decipheredSentence = algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, 36);
 
-        assertThat(decipheredSentence)
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(decipheredSentence).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedThree_whenBreakCipher_thenOriginalSentence() {
         int offset = algorithm.breakCipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE);
 
-        assertThat(offset)
-          .isEqualTo(3);
+        assertThat(offset).isEqualTo(3);
 
-        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE, offset))
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_THREE, offset)).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 
     @Test
     void givenSentenceShiftedTen_whenBreakCipher_thenOriginalSentence() {
         int offset = algorithm.breakCipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN);
 
-        assertThat(offset)
-          .isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(offset).isEqualTo(10);
 
-        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, offset))
-          .isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
+        assertThat(algorithm.decipher(SENTENCE_SHIFTED_TEN, offset)).isEqualTo(SENTENCE);
     }
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/gradientdescent/GradientDescentUnitTest.java

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ class GradientDescentUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     void givenFunction_whenStartingPointIsOne_thenLocalMinimumIsFound() {
-        Function<Double, Double> df = x ->
-            StrictMath.abs(StrictMath.pow(x, 3)) - (3 * StrictMath.pow(x, 2)) + x;
+        Function<Double, Double> df = x -> StrictMath.abs(StrictMath.pow(x, 3)) - (3 * StrictMath.pow(x, 2)) + x;
         GradientDescent gd = new GradientDescent();
         double res = gd.findLocalMinimum(df, 1);
         assertTrue(res > 1.78);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/greedy/GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-
-
 class GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest {
 
     private SocialConnector prepareNetwork() {
@@ -22,16 +20,15 @@ class GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest {
         SocialUser child31 = new SocialUser("child31");
         SocialUser child311 = new SocialUser("child311");
         SocialUser child3111 = new SocialUser("child3111");
-        child211.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child2111}));
-        child311.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child3111}));
-        child21.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child211}));
-        child31.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child311, 
-          new SocialUser("child312"), new SocialUser("child313"), new SocialUser("child314")}));
-        child1.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{new SocialUser("child11"), new SocialUser("child12")}));
-        child2.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child21, new SocialUser("child22"), new SocialUser("child23")}));
-        child3.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child31}));
-        root.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{child1, child2, child3}));
-        sc.setUsers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[]{root, child1, child2, child3, child21, child31, child311, child211}));
+        child211.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child2111 }));
+        child311.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child3111 }));
+        child21.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child211 }));
+        child31.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child311, new SocialUser("child312"), new SocialUser("child313"), new SocialUser("child314") }));
+        child1.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { new SocialUser("child11"), new SocialUser("child12") }));
+        child2.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child21, new SocialUser("child22"), new SocialUser("child23") }));
+        child3.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child31 }));
+        root.addFollowers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { child1, child2, child3 }));
+        sc.setUsers(Arrays.asList(new SocialUser[] { root, child1, child2, child3, child21, child31, child311, child211 }));
         return sc;
     }
 
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ class GreedyAlgorithmUnitTest {
         NonGreedyAlgorithm nga = new NonGreedyAlgorithm(prepareNetwork(), 0);
         assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> {
             nga.findMostFollowersPath("root");
-          });
+        });
     }
 
     @Test

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/kruskal/KruskalUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.algorithms.kruskal;
 
-
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/linkedlist/LinkedListReversalUnitTest.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class LinkedListReversalUnitTest {
+
     @Test
     void givenLinkedList_whenIterativeReverse_thenOutputCorrectResult() {
         ListNode head = constructLinkedList();

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/minheapmerge/MinHeapUnitTest.java

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ class MinHeapUnitTest {
     @Test
     void givenSortedArrays_whenMerged_thenShouldReturnASingleSortedarray() {
         int[] resultArray = MinHeap.merge(inputArray);
-        
+
         assertThat(resultArray.length, is(equalTo(10)));
         assertThat(resultArray, is(equalTo(expectedArray)));
     }
-    
+
 }

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-6/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/topkelements/TopKElementsFinderUnitTest.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Java6Assertions.assertThat;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class TopKElementsFinderUnitTest {
+
     private final TopKElementsFinder<Integer> bruteForceFinder = new BruteForceTopKElementsFinder();
     private final TopKElementsFinder<Integer> maxHeapFinder = new MaxHeapTopKElementsFinder();
     private final TopKElementsFinder<Integer> treeSetFinder = new TreeSetTopKElementsFinder();
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ class TopKElementsFinderUnitTest {
     private final List<Integer> nonDistinctIntegers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 3, 9, 9, 7, 6, 12);
     private final List<Integer> nonDistinctIntegersTopK = Arrays.asList(9, 9, 7, 12);
 
-
     @Test
     void givenArrayDistinctIntegers_whenBruteForceFindTopK_thenReturnKLargest() {
         assertThat(bruteForceFinder.findTopK(distinctIntegers, k)).containsOnlyElementsOf(distinctIntegersTopK);

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/README.md

@@ -3,5 +3,4 @@
 - [Algorithm to Identify and Validate a Credit Card Number](https://www.baeldung.com/java-validate-cc-number)
 - [Find the N Most Frequent Elements in a Java Array](https://www.baeldung.com/java-n-most-frequent-elements-array)
 - [Getting Pixel Array From Image in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-getting-pixel-array-from-image)
-- [Calculate Distance Between Two Coordinates in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-find-distance-between-points)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](/algorithms-miscellaneous-6)

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/latlondistance/EquirectangularApproximation.java

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.algorithms.latlondistance;
-
-public class EquirectangularApproximation {
-
-    private static final int EARTH_RADIUS = 6371; // Approx Earth radius in KM
-
-    public static double calculateDistance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {
-        double lat1Rad = Math.toRadians(lat1);
-        double lat2Rad = Math.toRadians(lat2);
-        double lon1Rad = Math.toRadians(lon1);
-        double lon2Rad = Math.toRadians(lon2);
-
-        double x = (lon2Rad - lon1Rad) * Math.cos((lat1Rad + lat2Rad) / 2);
-        double y = (lat2Rad - lat1Rad);
-        double distance = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) * EARTH_RADIUS;
-
-        return distance;
-    }
-}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/latlondistance/HaversineDistance.java

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.algorithms.latlondistance;
-
-public class HaversineDistance {
-    private static final int EARTH_RADIUS = 6371; // Approx Earth radius in KM
-
-    public static double calculateDistance(double startLat, double startLong,
-                                           double endLat, double endLong) {
-
-        double dLat = Math.toRadians((endLat - startLat));
-        double dLong = Math.toRadians((endLong - startLong));
-
-        startLat = Math.toRadians(startLat);
-        endLat = Math.toRadians(endLat);
-
-        double a = haversine(dLat) + Math.cos(startLat) * Math.cos(endLat) * haversine(dLong);
-        double c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1 - a));
-
-        return EARTH_RADIUS * c;
-    }
-
-    public static double haversine(double val) {
-        return Math.pow(Math.sin(val / 2), 2);
-    }
-}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/main/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/latlondistance/VincentyDistance.java

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.algorithms.latlondistance;
-
-public class VincentyDistance {
-
-    // Constants for WGS84 ellipsoid model of Earth
-    private static final double SEMI_MAJOR_AXIS_MT = 6378137;
-    private static final double SEMI_MINOR_AXIS_MT = 6356752.314245;
-    private static final double FLATTENING = 1 / 298.257223563;
-    private static final double ERROR_TOLERANCE = 1e-12;
-
-    public static double calculateDistance(double latitude1, double longitude1, double latitude2, double longitude2) {
-        double U1 = Math.atan((1 - FLATTENING) * Math.tan(Math.toRadians(latitude1)));
-        double U2 = Math.atan((1 - FLATTENING) * Math.tan(Math.toRadians(latitude2)));
-
-        double sinU1 = Math.sin(U1);
-        double cosU1 = Math.cos(U1);
-        double sinU2 = Math.sin(U2);
-        double cosU2 = Math.cos(U2);
-
-        double longitudeDifference = Math.toRadians(longitude2 - longitude1);
-        double previousLongitudeDifference;
-
-        double sinSigma, cosSigma, sigma, sinAlpha, cosSqAlpha, cos2SigmaM;
-
-        do {
-            sinSigma = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(cosU2 * Math.sin(longitudeDifference), 2) +
-                    Math.pow(cosU1 * sinU2 - sinU1 * cosU2 * Math.cos(longitudeDifference), 2));
-            cosSigma = sinU1 * sinU2 + cosU1 * cosU2 * Math.cos(longitudeDifference);
-            sigma = Math.atan2(sinSigma, cosSigma);
-            sinAlpha = cosU1 * cosU2 * Math.sin(longitudeDifference) / sinSigma;
-            cosSqAlpha = 1 - Math.pow(sinAlpha, 2);
-            cos2SigmaM = cosSigma - 2 * sinU1 * sinU2 / cosSqAlpha;
-            if (Double.isNaN(cos2SigmaM)) {
-                cos2SigmaM = 0;
-            }
-            previousLongitudeDifference = longitudeDifference;
-            double C = FLATTENING / 16 * cosSqAlpha * (4 + FLATTENING * (4 - 3 * cosSqAlpha));
-            longitudeDifference = Math.toRadians(longitude2 - longitude1) + (1 - C) * FLATTENING * sinAlpha *
-                    (sigma + C * sinSigma * (cos2SigmaM + C * cosSigma * (-1 + 2 * Math.pow(cos2SigmaM, 2))));
-        } while (Math.abs(longitudeDifference - previousLongitudeDifference) > ERROR_TOLERANCE);
-
-        double uSq = cosSqAlpha * (Math.pow(SEMI_MAJOR_AXIS_MT, 2) - Math.pow(SEMI_MINOR_AXIS_MT, 2)) / Math.pow(SEMI_MINOR_AXIS_MT, 2);
-
-        double A = 1 + uSq / 16384 * (4096 + uSq * (-768 + uSq * (320 - 175 * uSq)));
-        double B = uSq / 1024 * (256 + uSq * (-128 + uSq * (74 - 47 * uSq)));
-
-        double deltaSigma = B * sinSigma * (cos2SigmaM + B / 4 * (cosSigma * (-1 + 2 * Math.pow(cos2SigmaM, 2)) -
-                B / 6 * cos2SigmaM * (-3 + 4 * Math.pow(sinSigma, 2)) * (-3 + 4 * Math.pow(cos2SigmaM, 2))));
-
-        double distanceMt = SEMI_MINOR_AXIS_MT * A * (sigma - deltaSigma);
-        return distanceMt / 1000;
-    }
-}

algorithms-modules/algorithms-miscellaneous-7/src/test/java/com/baeldung/algorithms/latlondistance/GeoDistanceUnitTest.java

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.algorithms.latlondistance;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-
-class GeoDistanceUnitTest {
-    @Test
-    public void testCalculateDistance() {
-        double lat1 = 40.714268; // New York
-        double lon1 = -74.005974;
-        double lat2 = 34.0522; // Los Angeles
-        double lon2 = -118.2437;
-
-        double equirectangularDistance = EquirectangularApproximation.calculateDistance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
-        double haversineDistance = HaversineDistance.calculateDistance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
-        double vincentyDistance = VincentyDistance.calculateDistance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);
-
-        double expectedDistance = 3944;
-        assertTrue(Math.abs(equirectangularDistance - expectedDistance) < 100);
-        assertTrue(Math.abs(haversineDistance - expectedDistance) < 10);
-        assertTrue(Math.abs(vincentyDistance - expectedDistance) < 0.5);
-
-    }
-
-}

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-spring/pom.xml

@@ -43,19 +43,19 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>com.sun.xml.ws</groupId>
             <artifactId>jaxws-ri</artifactId>
-            <version>${jaxws-ri.version}</version>
+            <version>2.3.3</version>
             <type>pom</type>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
             <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
-            <version>${javax.servlet-api.version}</version>
+            <version>4.0.1</version>
             <scope>provided</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
             <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
-            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
+            <version>1.2</version>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
@@ -117,9 +117,7 @@
     <properties>
         <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
         <cargo-maven2-plugin.version>1.6.1</cargo-maven2-plugin.version>
-        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
-        <javax.servlet-api.version>4.0.1</javax.servlet-api.version>
-        <jaxws-ri.version>2.3.3</jaxws-ri.version>
+        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-httpclient-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/tlsversion/ClientTlsVersionExamples.java

@@ -1,43 +1,36 @@
 package com.baeldung.tlsversion;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
 
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.config.TlsConfig;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManagerBuilder;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.HttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ssl.TLS;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.ssl.SSLContexts;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
 
 public class ClientTlsVersionExamples {
-    public static CloseableHttpClient setViaSocketFactory() {
-        final HttpClientConnectionManager cm = PoolingHttpClientConnectionManagerBuilder.create()
-            .setDefaultTlsConfig(TlsConfig.custom()
-                .setHandshakeTimeout(Timeout.ofSeconds(30))
-                .setSupportedProtocols(TLS.V_1_2, TLS.V_1_3)
-                .build())
-            .build();
 
-        return HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(cm)
-            .build();
+    public static CloseableHttpClient setViaSocketFactory() {
+        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
+          SSLContexts.createDefault(),
+          new String[] { "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" },
+          null,
+          SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
+
+        return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
     }
 
     public static CloseableHttpClient setTlsVersionPerConnection() {
         SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(SSLContexts.createDefault()) {
+
             @Override
             protected void prepareSocket(SSLSocket socket) {
-                String hostname = socket.getInetAddress()
-                    .getHostName();
+                String hostname = socket.getInetAddress().getHostName();
                 if (hostname.endsWith("internal.system.com")) {
                     socket.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] { "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" });
                 } else {
@@ -46,14 +39,7 @@ public class ClientTlsVersionExamples {
             }
         };
 
-        HttpClientConnectionManager connManager = PoolingHttpClientConnectionManagerBuilder.create()
-            .setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)
-            .build();
-
-        return HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-
+        return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
     }
 
     // To configure the TLS versions for the client, set the https.protocols system property during runtime.
@@ -61,11 +47,15 @@ public class ClientTlsVersionExamples {
     public static CloseableHttpClient setViaSystemProperties() {
         return HttpClients.createSystem();
         // Alternatively:
-        //return HttpClients.custom().useSystemProperties().build();
+        // return HttpClients.custom().useSystemProperties().build();
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
-        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setViaSocketFactory(); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(new HttpGet("https://httpbin.org/"))) {
+        // Alternatively:
+        // CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setTlsVersionPerConnection();
+        // CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setViaSystemProperties();
+        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setViaSocketFactory();
+           CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(new HttpGet("https://httpbin.org/"))) {
 
             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
             EntityUtils.consume(entity);

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/advancedconfig/HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient.advancedconfig;
 
+
+import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.junit.WireMockRule;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
+import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
+import org.apache.http.client.AuthCache;
+import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
+import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
+import org.apache.http.impl.auth.BasicScheme;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicAuthCache;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultProxyRoutePlanner;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.containing;
 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
@@ -10,30 +34,6 @@ import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
 import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlMatching;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.auth.AuthCache;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.auth.AuthScope;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.auth.CredentialsProvider;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.auth.StandardAuthScheme;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.HttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.auth.BasicAuthCache;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.auth.BasicScheme;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.auth.CredentialsProviderBuilder;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.routing.DefaultProxyRoutePlanner;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.junit.WireMockRule;
-
 public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
 
     @Rule
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
         HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
 
         //then
-        assertEquals(response.getCode(), 200);
+        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
         HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
 
         //then
-        assertEquals(response.getCode(), 200);
+        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
 
     }
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
         HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
 
         //then
-        assertEquals(response.getCode(), 200);
+        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
         proxyMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")));
         serviceMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")));
     }
@@ -125,12 +125,14 @@ public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
         DefaultProxyRoutePlanner routePlanner = new DefaultProxyRoutePlanner(proxy);
 
         // Client credentials
-        CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderBuilder.create()
-            .add(new AuthScope(proxy), "username_admin", "secret_password".toCharArray())
-            .build();
+        CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
+        credentialsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(proxy),
+          new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username_admin", "secret_password"));
+
 
         // Create AuthCache instance
         AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
+
         // Generate BASIC scheme object and add it to the local auth cache
         BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
         authCache.put(proxy, basicAuth);
@@ -147,11 +149,10 @@ public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
 
         //when
         final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8089/private");
-        httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", StandardAuthScheme.BASIC);
         HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet, context);
 
         //then
-        assertEquals(response.getCode(), 200);
+        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
         proxyMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")).withHeader("Authorization", containing("Basic")));
         serviceMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")));
     }

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/conn/HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest.java

@@ -1,71 +1,69 @@
 package com.baeldung.httpclient.conn;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.HttpRoute;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.config.ConnectionConfig;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.BasicHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.ConnectionEndpoint;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.LeaseRequest;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HeaderElement;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HeaderElements;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.MessageSupport;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.StatusLine;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.pool.PoolStats;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Args;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.util.TimeValue;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;
-import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.apache.http.HeaderElement;
+import org.apache.http.HeaderElementIterator;
+import org.apache.http.HttpClientConnection;
+import org.apache.http.HttpException;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
+import org.apache.http.config.SocketConfig;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionRequest;
+import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.http.impl.conn.BasicHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeaderElementIterator;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpCoreContext;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
 
     // Example 2.1. Getting a Connection Request for a Low Level Connection (HttpClientConnection)
     @Test
-    public final void whenLowLevelConnectionIsEstablished_thenNoExceptions() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
-        BasicHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 443));
-        final LeaseRequest connRequest = connMgr.lease("some-id", route, null);
-        assertNotNull(connRequest.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS));
-        connMgr.close();
+    public final void whenLowLevelConnectionIsEstablished_thenNoExceptions() throws ConnectionPoolTimeoutException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        try (BasicHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager()) {
+            HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80));
+            final ConnectionRequest connRequest = connManager.requestConnection(route, null);
+            assertNotNull(connRequest.get(1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        }
     }
 
     // Example 3.1. Setting the PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager on a HttpClient
     @Test
-    public final void whenPollingConnectionManagerIsConfiguredOnHttpClient_thenNoExceptions() throws IOException {
+    public final void whenPollingConnectionManagerIsConfiguredOnHttpClient_thenNoExceptions() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
         PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
             .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
             .build();
         client.execute(new HttpGet("https://www.baeldung.com"));
+
         assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
             .getLeased() == 1);
-        client.close();
-        poolingConnManager.close();
     }
 
     // Example 3.2. Using Two HttpClients to Connect to One Target Host Each
     @Test
-    public final void whenTwoConnectionsForTwoRequests_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    public final void whenTwoConnectionsForTwoRequests_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException {
         HttpGet get1 = new HttpGet("https://www.baeldung.com");
         HttpGet get2 = new HttpGet("https://www.google.com");
         PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
@@ -83,52 +81,38 @@ public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
         thread1.join();
         thread2.join();
 
-        Assert.assertTrue(connManager.getTotalStats()
+        assertTrue(connManager.getTotalStats()
             .getLeased() == 0);
-        client1.close();
-        client2.close();
-        connManager.close();
     }
 
     // Example 4.1. Increasing the Number of Connections that Can be Open and Managed Beyond the default Limits
     @Test
-    public final void whenIncreasingConnectionPool_thenNoExceptions() {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        connManager.setMaxTotal(5);
-        connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(4);
-        HttpHost host = new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80);
-        connManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(host), 5);
-        connManager.close();
+    public final void whenIncreasingConnectionPool_thenNoEceptions() {
+        try (PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager()) {
+            connManager.setMaxTotal(5);
+            connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(4);
+            HttpHost host = new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80);
+            connManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(host), 5);
+        }
     }
 
     // Example 4.2. Using Threads to Execute Connections
     @Test
-    public final void whenExecutingSameRequestsInDifferentThreads_thenExecuteRequest() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    public final void whenExecutingSameRequestsInDifferentThreads_thenExecuteReuqest() throws InterruptedException {
         HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com");
         PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
             .setConnectionManager(connManager)
             .build();
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread4 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread5 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread6 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
+        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get);
+        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get);
+        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get);
         thread1.start();
         thread2.start();
         thread3.start();
-        thread4.start();
-        thread5.start();
-        thread6.start();
         thread1.join();
         thread2.join();
         thread3.join();
-        thread4.join();
-        thread5.join();
-        thread6.join();
-        client.close();
-        connManager.close();
     }
 
     // Example 5.1. A Custom Keep Alive Strategy
@@ -136,19 +120,22 @@ public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
     public final void whenCustomizingKeepAliveStrategy_thenNoExceptions() {
         final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy myStrategy = new ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy() {
             @Override
-            public TimeValue getKeepAliveDuration(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) {
-                Args.notNull(response, "HTTP response");
-                final Iterator<HeaderElement> it = MessageSupport.iterate(response, HeaderElements.KEEP_ALIVE);
-                final HeaderElement he = it.next();
-                final String param = he.getName();
-                final String value = he.getValue();
-                if (value != null && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
-                    try {
-                        return TimeValue.ofSeconds(Long.parseLong(value));
-                    } catch (final NumberFormatException ignore) {
+            public long getKeepAliveDuration(final HttpResponse myResponse, final HttpContext myContext) {
+                final HeaderElementIterator it = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(myResponse.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
+                while (it.hasNext()) {
+                    final HeaderElement he = it.nextElement();
+                    final String param = he.getName();
+                    final String value = he.getValue();
+                    if ((value != null) && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
+                        return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
                     }
                 }
-                return TimeValue.ofSeconds(5);
+                final HttpHost target = (HttpHost) myContext.getAttribute(HttpCoreContext.HTTP_TARGET_HOST);
+                if ("localhost".equalsIgnoreCase(target.getHostName())) {
+                    return 10 * 1000;
+                } else {
+                    return 5 * 1000;
+                }
             }
 
         };
@@ -157,38 +144,42 @@ public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
             .setKeepAliveStrategy(myStrategy)
             .setConnectionManager(connManager)
             .build();
-        connManager.close();
     }
 
-    //Example 6.1. BasicHttpClientConnectionManager Connection Reuse
+    // Example 6.1. BasicHttpClientConnectionManager Connection Reuse
     @Test
-    public final void givenBasicHttpClientConnManager_whenConnectionReuse_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException, IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        BasicHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager();
+    public final void givenBasicHttpClientConnManager_whenConnectionReuse_thenNoExceptions() throws IOException, HttpException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        BasicHttpClientConnectionManager basicConnManager = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
+
+        // low level
         HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 443));
-        final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
+        ConnectionRequest connRequest = basicConnManager.requestConnection(route, null);
+        HttpClientConnection conn = connRequest.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        basicConnManager.connect(conn, route, 1000, context);
+        basicConnManager.routeComplete(conn, route, context);
 
-        final LeaseRequest connRequest = connMgr.lease("some-id", route, null);
-        final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint = connRequest.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
-        connMgr.connect(endpoint, Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS, context);
+        HttpRequestExecutor exeRequest = new HttpRequestExecutor();
+        context.setTargetHost((new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80)));
+        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com");
+        exeRequest.execute(get, conn, context);
 
-        connMgr.release(endpoint, null, TimeValue.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
+        basicConnManager.releaseConnection(conn, null, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
+        // high level
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connMgr)
+            .setConnectionManager(basicConnManager)
             .build();
-        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://www.example.com");
-        client.execute(httpGet, context, response -> response);
-        client.close();
-        connMgr.close();
+        client.execute(get);
     }
 
     // Example 6.2. PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager: Re-Using Connections with Threads
     @Test
-    public final void whenConnectionsNeededGreaterThanMaxTotal_thenLeaseMasTotalandReuse() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
-        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com");
+    public final void whenConnectionsNeededGreaterThanMaxTotal_thenLeaseMasTotalandReuse() throws InterruptedException {
+        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://echo.200please.com");
         PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(6);
-        connManager.setMaxTotal(6);
+        connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(5);
+        connManager.setMaxTotal(5);
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
             .setConnectionManager(connManager)
             .build();
@@ -202,71 +193,48 @@ public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
         for (MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
             thread.join(1000);
         }
-        client.close();
-        connManager.close();
     }
 
     // Example 7.1. Setting Socket Timeout to 5 Seconds
     @Test
-    public final void whenConfiguringTimeOut_thenNoExceptions() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException, IOException {
-        final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80));
-        final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
-        final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-
-        final ConnectionConfig connConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom()
-            .setSocketTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
-            .build();
-
-        connManager.setDefaultConnectionConfig(connConfig);
-
-        final LeaseRequest leaseRequest = connManager.lease("id1", route, null);
-        final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint = leaseRequest.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
-        connManager.connect(endpoint, null, context);
-        connManager.close();
+    public final void whenConfiguringTimeOut_thenNoExceptions() {
+        HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80));
+        try (PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager()) {
+            connManager.setSocketConfig(route.getTargetHost(), SocketConfig.custom()
+                .setSoTimeout(5000)
+                .build());
+            assertTrue(connManager.getSocketConfig(route.getTargetHost())
+                .getSoTimeout() == 5000);
+        }
     }
 
     // Example 8.1. Setting the HttpClient to Check for Stale Connections
     @Test
-    public final void whenEvictIdealConn_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
-        final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        connManager.setMaxTotal(100);
-        try (final CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
+    public final void whenHttpClientChecksStaleConns_thenNoExceptions() {
+        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        HttpClients.custom()
+            .setDefaultRequestConfig(RequestConfig.custom()
+                .setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true)
+                .build())
             .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .evictExpiredConnections()
-            .evictIdleConnections(TimeValue.ofSeconds(2))
-            .build()) {
-            // create an array of URIs to perform GETs on
-            final String[] urisToGet = { "http://hc.apache.org/", "http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-core-ga/"};
+            .build();
+    }
 
-            for (final String requestURI : urisToGet) {
-                final HttpGet request = new HttpGet(requestURI);
-
-                System.out.println("Executing request " + request.getMethod() + " " + request.getRequestUri());
-
-                httpclient.execute(request, response -> {
-                    System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
-                    System.out.println(request + "->" + new StatusLine(response));
-                    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
-                    return null;
-                });
-            }
-
-            final PoolStats stats1 = connManager.getTotalStats();
-            System.out.println("Connections kept alive: " + stats1.getAvailable());
-
-            // Sleep 10 sec and let the connection evict or do its job
-            Thread.sleep(4000);
-
-            final PoolStats stats2 = connManager.getTotalStats();
-            System.out.println("Connections kept alive: " + stats2.getAvailable());
-
-            connManager.close();
-        }
+    // Example 8.2. Using a Stale Connection Monitor Thread
+    @Test
+    public final void whenCustomizedIdleConnMonitor_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException {
+        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        HttpClients.custom()
+            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
+            .build();
+        IdleConnectionMonitorThread staleMonitor = new IdleConnectionMonitorThread(connManager);
+        staleMonitor.start();
+        staleMonitor.join(1000);
     }
 
     // Example 9.1. Closing Connection and Releasing Resources
-    @Test
-    public final void whenClosingConnectionsandManager_thenCloseWithNoExceptions1() throws IOException {
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+    public final void whenClosingConnectionsandManager_thenCloseWithNoExceptions1() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException, HttpException {
         PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
         CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
             .setConnectionManager(connManager)
@@ -278,11 +246,16 @@ public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
         response.close();
         client.close();
         connManager.close();
+        connManager.shutdown();
+
+        client.execute(get);
+
+        assertTrue(response.getEntity() == null);
     }
 
     @Test
     // Example 3.2. TESTER VERSION
-    public final void whenTwoConnectionsForTwoRequests_thenTwoConnectionsAreLeased() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    public final void whenTwoConnectionsForTwoRequests_thenTwoConnectionsAreLeased() throws InterruptedException {
         HttpGet get1 = new HttpGet("https://www.baeldung.com");
         HttpGet get2 = new HttpGet("https://www.google.com");
 
@@ -300,11 +273,77 @@ public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
         thread2.start();
         thread1.join();
         thread2.join(1000);
-        Assert.assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
+        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
             .getLeased() == 2);
+    }
 
-        client1.close();
-        client2.close();
-        poolingConnManager.close();
+    @Test
+    // Example 4.2 Tester Version
+    public final void whenExecutingSameRequestsInDifferentThreads_thenUseDefaultConnLimit() throws InterruptedException {
+        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
+            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
+            .build();
+        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.google.com"), poolingConnManager);
+        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.google.com"), poolingConnManager);
+        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.google.com"), poolingConnManager);
+        thread1.start();
+        thread2.start();
+        thread3.start();
+        thread1.join(10000);
+        thread2.join(10000);
+        thread3.join(10000);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    // 6.2 TESTER VERSION
+    public final void whenConnectionsNeededGreaterThanMaxTotal_thenReuseConnections() throws InterruptedException {
+        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        poolingConnManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(5);
+        poolingConnManager.setMaxTotal(5);
+        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
+            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
+            .build();
+        final MultiHttpClientConnThread[] threads = new MultiHttpClientConnThread[10];
+        int countConnMade = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+            threads[i] = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com/"), poolingConnManager);
+        }
+        for (final MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
+            thread.start();
+        }
+        for (final MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
+            thread.join(10000);
+            countConnMade++;
+            if (countConnMade == 0) {
+                assertTrue(thread.getLeasedConn() == 5);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("Very Long Running")
+    // 8.2 TESTER VERSION
+    public final void whenCustomizedIdleConnMonitor_thenEliminateIdleConns() throws InterruptedException {
+        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
+        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
+            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
+            .build();
+        final IdleConnectionMonitorThread staleMonitor = new IdleConnectionMonitorThread(poolingConnManager);
+        final HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://google.com");
+        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, poolingConnManager);
+        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, poolingConnManager);
+        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, poolingConnManager);
+        staleMonitor.start();
+        thread1.start();
+        thread1.join();
+        thread2.start();
+        thread2.join();
+        thread3.start();
+        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
+            .getAvailable() == 1);
+        thread3.join(32000);
+        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
+            .getAvailable() == 0);
     }
 }

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/conn/MultiHttpClientConnThread.java

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package com.baeldung.httpclient.conn;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -45,21 +45,22 @@ public class MultiHttpClientConnThread extends Thread {
         try {
             logger.debug("Thread Running: " + getName());
 
+            logger.debug("Thread Running: " + getName());
 
             if (connManager != null) {
                 logger.info("Before - Leased Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
                 logger.info("Before - Available Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
             }
 
-            HttpEntity entity = client.execute(get).getEntity();
+            final HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
 
             if (connManager != null) {
                 leasedConn = connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased();
                 logger.info("After - Leased Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
                 logger.info("After - Available Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
             }
-            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
 
+            EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
         } catch (final IOException ex) {
             logger.error("", ex);
         }

apache-httpclient/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/conn/TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread.java

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package com.baeldung.httpclient.conn;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 

apache-httpclient4/pom.xml

@@ -241,6 +241,8 @@
         <httpcore.version>4.4.16</httpcore.version>
         <httpclient.version>4.5.14</httpclient.version>
         <mockserver.version>5.11.2</mockserver.version>
+        <!-- maven plugins -->
+        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

apache-httpclient4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/tlsversion/ClientTlsVersionExamples.java

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.tlsversion;
-
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
-
-import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
-import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-public class ClientTlsVersionExamples {
-
-    public static CloseableHttpClient setViaSocketFactory() {
-        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
-          SSLContexts.createDefault(),
-          new String[] { "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" },
-          null,
-          SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
-
-        return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
-    }
-
-    public static CloseableHttpClient setTlsVersionPerConnection() {
-        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(SSLContexts.createDefault()) {
-
-            @Override
-            protected void prepareSocket(SSLSocket socket) {
-                String hostname = socket.getInetAddress().getHostName();
-                if (hostname.endsWith("internal.system.com")) {
-                    socket.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] { "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" });
-                } else {
-                    socket.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] { "TLSv1.3" });
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
-    }
-
-    // To configure the TLS versions for the client, set the https.protocols system property during runtime.
-    // For example: java -Dhttps.protocols=TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3 -jar webClient.jar
-    public static CloseableHttpClient setViaSystemProperties() {
-        return HttpClients.createSystem();
-        // Alternatively:
-        // return HttpClients.custom().useSystemProperties().build();
-    }
-
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
-        // Alternatively:
-        // CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setTlsVersionPerConnection();
-        // CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setViaSystemProperties();
-        try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = setViaSocketFactory();
-           CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(new HttpGet("https://httpbin.org/"))) {
-
-            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
-            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
-        }
-    }
-}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/advancedconfig/HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.advancedconfig;
-
-
-import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.junit.WireMockRule;
-import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
-import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
-import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
-import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
-import org.apache.http.client.AuthCache;
-import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
-import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
-import org.apache.http.impl.auth.BasicScheme;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicAuthCache;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultProxyRoutePlanner;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.containing;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.getRequestedFor;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
-import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlMatching;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-
-public class HttpClientAdvancedConfigurationIntegrationTest {
-
-    @Rule
-    public WireMockRule serviceMock = new WireMockRule(8089);
-
-    @Rule
-    public WireMockRule proxyMock = new WireMockRule(8090);
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenClientWithCustomUserAgentHeader_whenExecuteRequest_shouldReturn200() throws IOException {
-        //given
-        String userAgent = "BaeldungAgent/1.0";
-        serviceMock.stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/detail"))
-          .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo(userAgent))
-          .willReturn(aResponse()
-            .withStatus(200)));
-
-        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
-        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8089/detail");
-        httpGet.setHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, userAgent);
-
-        //when
-        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
-
-        //then
-        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenClientThatSendDataInBody_whenSendXmlInBody_shouldReturn200() throws IOException {
-        //given
-        String xmlBody = "<xml><id>1</id></xml>";
-        serviceMock.stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/person"))
-          .withHeader("Content-Type", equalTo("application/xml"))
-          .withRequestBody(equalTo(xmlBody))
-          .willReturn(aResponse()
-            .withStatus(200)));
-
-        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
-        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8089/person");
-        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
-        StringEntity xmlEntity = new StringEntity(xmlBody);
-        httpPost.setEntity(xmlEntity);
-
-        //when
-        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
-
-        //then
-        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
-
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenServerThatIsBehindProxy_whenClientIsConfiguredToSendRequestViaProxy_shouldReturn200() throws IOException {
-        //given
-        proxyMock.stubFor(get(urlMatching(".*"))
-          .willReturn(aResponse().proxiedFrom("http://localhost:8089/")));
-
-        serviceMock.stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/private"))
-          .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200)));
-
-
-        HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("localhost", 8090);
-        DefaultProxyRoutePlanner routePlanner = new DefaultProxyRoutePlanner(proxy);
-        HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
-          .setRoutePlanner(routePlanner)
-          .build();
-
-        //when
-        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8089/private");
-        HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
-
-        //then
-        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
-        proxyMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")));
-        serviceMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenServerThatIsBehindAuthorizationProxy_whenClientSendRequest_shouldAuthorizeProperly() throws IOException {
-        //given
-        proxyMock.stubFor(get(urlMatching("/private"))
-          .willReturn(aResponse().proxiedFrom("http://localhost:8089/")));
-        serviceMock.stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/private"))
-          .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200)));
-
-
-        HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("localhost", 8090);
-        DefaultProxyRoutePlanner routePlanner = new DefaultProxyRoutePlanner(proxy);
-
-        // Client credentials
-        CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
-        credentialsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(proxy),
-          new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username_admin", "secret_password"));
-
-
-        // Create AuthCache instance
-        AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
-
-        // Generate BASIC scheme object and add it to the local auth cache
-        BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
-        authCache.put(proxy, basicAuth);
-        HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
-        context.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);
-        context.setAuthCache(authCache);
-
-
-        HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
-          .setRoutePlanner(routePlanner)
-          .setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
-          .build();
-
-
-        //when
-        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8089/private");
-        HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet, context);
-
-        //then
-        assertEquals(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), 200);
-        proxyMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")).withHeader("Authorization", containing("Basic")));
-        serviceMock.verify(getRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/private")));
-    }
-
-
-}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/conn/HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest.java

@@ -1,349 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient.conn;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import org.apache.http.HeaderElement;
-import org.apache.http.HeaderElementIterator;
-import org.apache.http.HttpClientConnection;
-import org.apache.http.HttpException;
-import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
-import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-import org.apache.http.config.SocketConfig;
-import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
-import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException;
-import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionRequest;
-import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-import org.apache.http.impl.conn.BasicHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeaderElementIterator;
-import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
-import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpCoreContext;
-import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor;
-import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-public class HttpClientConnectionManagementLiveTest {
-
-    // Example 2.1. Getting a Connection Request for a Low Level Connection (HttpClientConnection)
-    @Test
-    public final void whenLowLevelConnectionIsEstablished_thenNoExceptions() throws ConnectionPoolTimeoutException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
-        try (BasicHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager()) {
-            HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80));
-            final ConnectionRequest connRequest = connManager.requestConnection(route, null);
-            assertNotNull(connRequest.get(1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Example 3.1. Setting the PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager on a HttpClient
-    @Test
-    public final void whenPollingConnectionManagerIsConfiguredOnHttpClient_thenNoExceptions() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
-            .build();
-        client.execute(new HttpGet("https://www.baeldung.com"));
-
-        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
-            .getLeased() == 1);
-    }
-
-    // Example 3.2. Using Two HttpClients to Connect to One Target Host Each
-    @Test
-    public final void whenTwoConnectionsForTwoRequests_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException {
-        HttpGet get1 = new HttpGet("https://www.baeldung.com");
-        HttpGet get2 = new HttpGet("https://www.google.com");
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        CloseableHttpClient client1 = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-        CloseableHttpClient client2 = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client1, get1);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client2, get2);
-        thread1.start();
-        thread2.start();
-        thread1.join();
-        thread2.join();
-
-        assertTrue(connManager.getTotalStats()
-            .getLeased() == 0);
-    }
-
-    // Example 4.1. Increasing the Number of Connections that Can be Open and Managed Beyond the default Limits
-    @Test
-    public final void whenIncreasingConnectionPool_thenNoEceptions() {
-        try (PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager()) {
-            connManager.setMaxTotal(5);
-            connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(4);
-            HttpHost host = new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80);
-            connManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(host), 5);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Example 4.2. Using Threads to Execute Connections
-    @Test
-    public final void whenExecutingSameRequestsInDifferentThreads_thenExecuteReuqest() throws InterruptedException {
-        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com");
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get);
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get);
-        thread1.start();
-        thread2.start();
-        thread3.start();
-        thread1.join();
-        thread2.join();
-        thread3.join();
-    }
-
-    // Example 5.1. A Custom Keep Alive Strategy
-    @Test
-    public final void whenCustomizingKeepAliveStrategy_thenNoExceptions() {
-        final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy myStrategy = new ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy() {
-            @Override
-            public long getKeepAliveDuration(final HttpResponse myResponse, final HttpContext myContext) {
-                final HeaderElementIterator it = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(myResponse.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
-                while (it.hasNext()) {
-                    final HeaderElement he = it.nextElement();
-                    final String param = he.getName();
-                    final String value = he.getValue();
-                    if ((value != null) && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
-                        return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
-                    }
-                }
-                final HttpHost target = (HttpHost) myContext.getAttribute(HttpCoreContext.HTTP_TARGET_HOST);
-                if ("localhost".equalsIgnoreCase(target.getHostName())) {
-                    return 10 * 1000;
-                } else {
-                    return 5 * 1000;
-                }
-            }
-
-        };
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        HttpClients.custom()
-            .setKeepAliveStrategy(myStrategy)
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-    }
-
-    // Example 6.1. BasicHttpClientConnectionManager Connection Reuse
-    @Test
-    public final void givenBasicHttpClientConnManager_whenConnectionReuse_thenNoExceptions() throws IOException, HttpException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
-        BasicHttpClientConnectionManager basicConnManager = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
-
-        // low level
-        HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 443));
-        ConnectionRequest connRequest = basicConnManager.requestConnection(route, null);
-        HttpClientConnection conn = connRequest.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-        basicConnManager.connect(conn, route, 1000, context);
-        basicConnManager.routeComplete(conn, route, context);
-
-        HttpRequestExecutor exeRequest = new HttpRequestExecutor();
-        context.setTargetHost((new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80)));
-        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com");
-        exeRequest.execute(get, conn, context);
-
-        basicConnManager.releaseConnection(conn, null, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-
-        // high level
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(basicConnManager)
-            .build();
-        client.execute(get);
-    }
-
-    // Example 6.2. PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager: Re-Using Connections with Threads
-    @Test
-    public final void whenConnectionsNeededGreaterThanMaxTotal_thenLeaseMasTotalandReuse() throws InterruptedException {
-        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://echo.200please.com");
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(5);
-        connManager.setMaxTotal(5);
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-        MultiHttpClientConnThread[] threads = new MultiHttpClientConnThread[10];
-        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
-            threads[i] = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, connManager);
-        }
-        for (MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
-            thread.start();
-        }
-        for (MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
-            thread.join(1000);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Example 7.1. Setting Socket Timeout to 5 Seconds
-    @Test
-    public final void whenConfiguringTimeOut_thenNoExceptions() {
-        HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.baeldung.com", 80));
-        try (PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager()) {
-            connManager.setSocketConfig(route.getTargetHost(), SocketConfig.custom()
-                .setSoTimeout(5000)
-                .build());
-            assertTrue(connManager.getSocketConfig(route.getTargetHost())
-                .getSoTimeout() == 5000);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Example 8.1. Setting the HttpClient to Check for Stale Connections
-    @Test
-    public final void whenHttpClientChecksStaleConns_thenNoExceptions() {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        HttpClients.custom()
-            .setDefaultRequestConfig(RequestConfig.custom()
-                .setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true)
-                .build())
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-    }
-
-    // Example 8.2. Using a Stale Connection Monitor Thread
-    @Test
-    public final void whenCustomizedIdleConnMonitor_thenNoExceptions() throws InterruptedException {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-        IdleConnectionMonitorThread staleMonitor = new IdleConnectionMonitorThread(connManager);
-        staleMonitor.start();
-        staleMonitor.join(1000);
-    }
-
-    // Example 9.1. Closing Connection and Releasing Resources
-    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
-    public final void whenClosingConnectionsandManager_thenCloseWithNoExceptions1() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException, HttpException {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(connManager)
-            .build();
-        final HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://google.com");
-        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
-
-        EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
-        response.close();
-        client.close();
-        connManager.close();
-        connManager.shutdown();
-
-        client.execute(get);
-
-        assertTrue(response.getEntity() == null);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    // Example 3.2. TESTER VERSION
-    public final void whenTwoConnectionsForTwoRequests_thenTwoConnectionsAreLeased() throws InterruptedException {
-        HttpGet get1 = new HttpGet("https://www.baeldung.com");
-        HttpGet get2 = new HttpGet("https://www.google.com");
-
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        final CloseableHttpClient client1 = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
-            .build();
-        final CloseableHttpClient client2 = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
-            .build();
-
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client1, get1, poolingConnManager);
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client2, get2, poolingConnManager);
-        thread1.start();
-        thread2.start();
-        thread1.join();
-        thread2.join(1000);
-        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
-            .getLeased() == 2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    // Example 4.2 Tester Version
-    public final void whenExecutingSameRequestsInDifferentThreads_thenUseDefaultConnLimit() throws InterruptedException {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
-            .build();
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.google.com"), poolingConnManager);
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.google.com"), poolingConnManager);
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.google.com"), poolingConnManager);
-        thread1.start();
-        thread2.start();
-        thread3.start();
-        thread1.join(10000);
-        thread2.join(10000);
-        thread3.join(10000);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    // 6.2 TESTER VERSION
-    public final void whenConnectionsNeededGreaterThanMaxTotal_thenReuseConnections() throws InterruptedException {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        poolingConnManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(5);
-        poolingConnManager.setMaxTotal(5);
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
-            .build();
-        final MultiHttpClientConnThread[] threads = new MultiHttpClientConnThread[10];
-        int countConnMade = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
-            threads[i] = new MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, new HttpGet("http://www.baeldung.com/"), poolingConnManager);
-        }
-        for (final MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
-            thread.start();
-        }
-        for (final MultiHttpClientConnThread thread : threads) {
-            thread.join(10000);
-            countConnMade++;
-            if (countConnMade == 0) {
-                assertTrue(thread.getLeasedConn() == 5);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @Ignore("Very Long Running")
-    // 8.2 TESTER VERSION
-    public final void whenCustomizedIdleConnMonitor_thenEliminateIdleConns() throws InterruptedException {
-        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
-            .setConnectionManager(poolingConnManager)
-            .build();
-        final IdleConnectionMonitorThread staleMonitor = new IdleConnectionMonitorThread(poolingConnManager);
-        final HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://google.com");
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread1 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, poolingConnManager);
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread2 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, poolingConnManager);
-        final TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread thread3 = new TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(client, get, poolingConnManager);
-        staleMonitor.start();
-        thread1.start();
-        thread1.join();
-        thread2.start();
-        thread2.join();
-        thread3.start();
-        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
-            .getAvailable() == 1);
-        thread3.join(32000);
-        assertTrue(poolingConnManager.getTotalStats()
-            .getAvailable() == 0);
-    }
-}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/conn/IdleConnectionMonitorThread.java

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient.conn;
-
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-
-public class IdleConnectionMonitorThread extends Thread {
-    private final HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
-    private volatile boolean shutdown;
-
-    IdleConnectionMonitorThread(final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr) {
-        super();
-        this.connMgr = connMgr;
-    }
-
-    // API
-
-    @Override
-    public final void run() {
-        try {
-            while (!shutdown) {
-                synchronized (this) {
-                    wait(1000);
-                    connMgr.closeExpiredConnections();
-                    connMgr.closeIdleConnections(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
-            shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void shutdown() {
-        shutdown = true;
-        synchronized (this) {
-            notifyAll();
-        }
-    }
-
-}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/conn/MultiHttpClientConnThread.java

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient.conn;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-public class MultiHttpClientConnThread extends Thread {
-    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
-
-    private final CloseableHttpClient client;
-    private final HttpGet get;
-
-    private PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager;
-    private int leasedConn;
-
-    MultiHttpClientConnThread(final CloseableHttpClient client, final HttpGet get, final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager) {
-        this.client = client;
-        this.get = get;
-        this.connManager = connManager;
-        leasedConn = 0;
-    }
-
-    MultiHttpClientConnThread(final CloseableHttpClient client, final HttpGet get) {
-        this.client = client;
-        this.get = get;
-    }
-
-    // API
-
-    final int getLeasedConn() {
-        return leasedConn;
-    }
-
-    //
-
-    @Override
-    public final void run() {
-        try {
-            logger.debug("Thread Running: " + getName());
-
-            logger.debug("Thread Running: " + getName());
-
-            if (connManager != null) {
-                logger.info("Before - Leased Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
-                logger.info("Before - Available Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
-            }
-
-            final HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
-
-            if (connManager != null) {
-                leasedConn = connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased();
-                logger.info("After - Leased Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
-                logger.info("After - Available Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
-            }
-
-            EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
-        } catch (final IOException ex) {
-            logger.error("", ex);
-        }
-    }
-
-}

apache-httpclient4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/httpclient/conn/TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread.java

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.httpclient.httpclient.conn;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
-
-public class TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread extends Thread {
-    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
-
-    private final CloseableHttpClient client;
-    private final HttpGet get;
-    private PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager;
-
-    TesterVersion_MultiHttpClientConnThread(final CloseableHttpClient client, final HttpGet get, final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager) {
-        this.client = client;
-        this.get = get;
-        this.connManager = Preconditions.checkNotNull(connManager);
-    }
-
-    //
-
-    @Override
-    public final void run() {
-        try {
-            logger.debug("Thread Running: " + getName());
-
-            logger.info("Before - Leased Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
-            logger.info("Before - Available Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
-
-            client.execute(get);
-
-            logger.info("After - Leased Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
-            logger.info("After - Available Connections = " + connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
-        } catch (final IOException ex) {
-            logger.error("", ex);
-        }
-    }
-
-}

apache-kafka-2/README.md

@@ -12,4 +12,3 @@ You can build the project from the command line using: *mvn clean install*, or i
 - [Is a Key Required as Part of Sending Messages to Kafka?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-message-key)
 - [Read Data From the Beginning Using Kafka Consumer API](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-consumer-api-read)
 - [Get Partition Count for a Topic in Kafka](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-partition-count-topic)
-- [bootstrap-server in Kafka Configuration](https://www.baeldung.com/java-kafka-bootstrap-server)

apache-kafka-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/kafka/consumer/SimpleConsumerWithBootStrapServers.java

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.kafka.consumer;
-
-import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.*;
-import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.LongDeserializer;
-import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
-
-import java.time.Duration;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Properties;
-
-public class SimpleConsumerWithBootStrapServers {
-
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        try(final Consumer<Long, String> consumer = createConsumer()) {
-            ConsumerRecords<Long, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMinutes(1));
-            for(ConsumerRecord<Long, String> record : records) {
-                System.out.println(record.value());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static Consumer<Long, String> createConsumer() {
-        final Properties props = new Properties();
-        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG,
-                "localhost:9092,another-host.com:29092");
-        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG,
-                "MySampleConsumer");
-        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,
-                LongDeserializer.class.getName());
-        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,
-                StringDeserializer.class.getName());
-        // Create the consumer using props.
-        final Consumer<Long, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<Long, String>(props);
-        // Subscribe to the topic.
-        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList("samples"));
-        return consumer;
-    }
-
-}

apache-libraries-2/README.md

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-## Relevant Articles
-- [Understanding XSLT Processing in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-extensible-stylesheet-language-transformations)

apache-libraries-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/xslt/XSLTProcessor.java

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.xslt;
-
-import javax.xml.transform.*;
-import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
-import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
-import java.io.File;
-
-public class XSLTProcessor {
-    public static void transformXMLUsingXSLT(String inputXMLPath, String xsltPath, String outputHTMLPath) throws TransformerException {
-        Source xmlSource = new StreamSource(new File(inputXMLPath));
-        Source xsltSource = new StreamSource(new File(xsltPath));
-        Result output = new StreamResult(new File(outputHTMLPath));
-
-        TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
-        Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer(xsltSource);
-        transformer.transform(xmlSource, output);
-    }
-}

apache-libraries-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/xsltProcessing/XSLTProcessorWithParametersAndOption.java

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.xsltProcessing;
-
-import javax.xml.transform.*;
-import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
-import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
-import java.io.File;
-
-public class XSLTProcessorWithParametersAndOption {
-    public static void transformXMLWithParametersAndOption(
-            String inputXMLPath,
-            String xsltPath,
-            String outputHTMLPath,
-            String companyName,
-            boolean enableIndentation
-    ) throws TransformerException {
-        TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
-        Source xsltSource = new StreamSource(new File(xsltPath));
-        Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer(xsltSource);
-
-        transformer.setParameter("companyName", companyName);
-
-        if (enableIndentation) {
-            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
-        }
-
-        Source xmlSource = new StreamSource(new File(inputXMLPath));
-        Result outputResult = new StreamResult(new File(outputHTMLPath));
-
-        transformer.transform(xmlSource, outputResult);
-    }
-}

apache-libraries-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/xsltProcessing/XSLTProcessorWithTemplate.java

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.xsltProcessing;
-
-import javax.xml.transform.*;
-import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
-import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
-import java.io.File;
-
-public class XSLTProcessorWithTemplate {
-    public static void transformXMLUsingTemplate(String inputXMLPath, String xsltPath, String outputHTMLPath) throws TransformerException {
-        TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
-        Source xsltSource = new StreamSource(new File(xsltPath));
-        Templates templates = transformerFactory.newTemplates(xsltSource);
-
-        Transformer transformer = templates.newTransformer();
-
-        Source xmlSource = new StreamSource(new File(inputXMLPath));
-        Result outputResult = new StreamResult(new File(outputHTMLPath));
-
-        transformer.transform(xmlSource, outputResult);
-    }
-}

apache-libraries-2/src/main/resources/avroHttpRequest-schema.avsc

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "type":"record",
-  "name":"AvroHttpRequest",
-  "namespace":"com.baeldung.avro.model",
-  "fields":[
-    {
-      "name":"requestTime",
-      "type":"long"
-    },
-    {
-      "name":"clientIdentifier",
-      "type":{
-        "type":"record",
-        "name":"ClientIdentifier",
-        "fields":[
-          {
-            "name":"hostName",
-            "type":"string"
-          },
-          {
-            "name":"ipAddress",
-            "type":"string"
-          }
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name":"employeeNames",
-      "type":{
-        "type":"array",
-        "items":"string"
-      },
-      "default":null
-    },
-    {
-      "name":"active",
-      "type":{
-        "type":"enum",
-        "name":"Active",
-        "symbols":[
-          "YES",
-          "NO"
-        ]
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}

apache-libraries-2/src/main/resources/log4j2.xml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
-<Configuration status="WARN">
-    <Appenders>
-        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
-            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
-        </Console>
-    </Appenders>
-    <Loggers>
-        <Logger name="org.apache.meecrowave" level="warn">
-            <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
-        </Logger>
-
-        <Root level="info">
-            <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
-        </Root>
-    </Loggers>
-</Configuration>

apache-libraries-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/xslt/XSLTProcessorUnitTest.java

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.xslt;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-
-public class XSLTProcessorUnitTest {
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenValidInputAndStylesheet_whenTransformingXML_thenOutputHTMLCreated() throws TransformerException, IOException {
-        // Given
-        String inputXMLPath = "src/test/resources/input.xml";
-        String xsltPath = "src/test/resources/stylesheet.xslt";
-        String outputHTMLPath = "src/test/resources/output.html";
-
-      
-        XSLTProcessor.transformXMLUsingXSLT(inputXMLPath, xsltPath, outputHTMLPath);
-
-      
-        Path outputFile = Paths.get(outputHTMLPath);
-        assertTrue(Files.exists(outputFile));
-    }
-}

apache-libraries-2/src/test/resources/input.xml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<root>
-    <person gender="male">
-        <name>John Doe</name>
-        <age>30</age>
-    </person>
-    <person gender="female">
-        <name>Jane Smith</name>
-        <age>25</age>
-    </person>
-</root>

apache-libraries-2/src/test/resources/output.html

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-    <p>Male person: John Doe, Age: 30</p>
-    <p>Female person: Jane Smith, Age: 25</p>

apache-libraries-2/src/test/resources/stylesheet.xslt

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
-
-    <xsl:template match="person[@gender='male']">
-        <xsl:element name="p">
-            <xsl:text>Male person: </xsl:text>
-            <xsl:value-of select="name"/>
-            <xsl:text>, Age: </xsl:text>
-            <xsl:value-of select="age"/>
-        </xsl:element>
-    </xsl:template>
-
-    <xsl:template match="person[@gender='female']">
-        <xsl:element name="p">
-            <xsl:text>Female person: </xsl:text>
-            <xsl:value-of select="name"/>
-            <xsl:text>, Age: </xsl:text>
-            <xsl:value-of select="age"/>
-        </xsl:element>
-    </xsl:template>
-
-</xsl:stylesheet>

apache-poi-2/README.md

@@ -13,5 +13,4 @@ This module contains articles about Apache POI.
 - [Setting Formulas in Excel with Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-set-formulas)
 - [Set the Date Format Using Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-date-format)
 - [Replacing Variables in a Document Template with Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-replace-pattern-word-document-doc-docx)
-- [Lock Header Rows With Apache POI](https://www.baeldung.com/java-apache-poi-lock-header-rows)
 - More articles: [[<-- prev]](../apache-poi)

apache-poi-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/locksheet/LockSheet.java

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.poi.excel.locksheet;
-
-import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
-
-public class LockSheet {
-
-    public void lockFirstRow(Sheet sheet) {
-        sheet.createFreezePane(0, 1);
-    }
-
-    public void lockTwoRows(Sheet sheet) {
-        sheet.createFreezePane(0, 2);
-    }
-
-    public void lockFirstColumn(Sheet sheet) {
-        sheet.createFreezePane(1, 0);
-    }
-
-}

apache-poi-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/locksheet/LockSheetUnitTest.java

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.poi.excel.locksheet;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
-import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
-
-class LockSheetUnitTest {
-
-    private LockSheet lockSheet;
-    private Workbook workbook;
-    private Sheet sheet;
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    void setup() {
-        workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
-        sheet = workbook.createSheet();
-        Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
-        row.createCell(0).setCellValue("row 1 col 1");
-        row.createCell(1).setCellValue("row 1 col 2");
-        row = sheet.createRow(1);
-        row.createCell(0).setCellValue("row 2 col 1");
-        row.createCell(1).setCellValue("row 2 col 2");
-        lockSheet = new LockSheet();
-    }
-
-    @AfterEach
-    void cleanup() throws IOException {
-        workbook.close();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void whenLockFirstRow_thenFirstRowIsLocked() {
-        lockSheet.lockFirstRow(sheet);
-        assertEquals(sheet.getPaneInformation().getHorizontalSplitPosition(), 1);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void whenLockTwoRows_thenTwoRowsAreLocked() {
-        lockSheet.lockTwoRows(sheet);
-        assertEquals(sheet.getPaneInformation().getHorizontalSplitPosition(), 2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void whenLockFirstColumn_thenFirstColumnIsLocked() {
-        lockSheet.lockFirstColumn(sheet);
-        assertEquals(sheet.getPaneInformation().getVerticalSplitPosition(), 1);
-    }
-
-}

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/jexcel/JExcelHelper.java

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public class JExcelHelper {
             sheet.addCell(cellLabel);
             Number cellNumber = new Number(1, 2, 20, cellFormat);
             sheet.addCell(cellNumber);
-			
+
             workbook.write();
         } finally {
             if (workbook != null) {

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelPOIHelper.java

@@ -33,36 +33,29 @@ public class ExcelPOIHelper {
             data.put(i, new ArrayList<String>());
             for (Cell cell : row) {
                 switch (cell.getCellType()) {
-                case STRING:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(cell.getRichStringCellValue()
-                            .getString());
-                    break;
-                case NUMERIC:
-                    if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
-                        data.get(i)
-                            .add(cell.getDateCellValue() + "");
-                    } else {
-                        data.get(i)
-                            .add((int)cell.getNumericCellValue() + "");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case BOOLEAN:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(cell.getBooleanCellValue() + "");
-                    break;
-                case FORMULA:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(cell.getCellFormula() + "");
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    data.get(i)
-                        .add(" ");
+                    case STRING:
+                        data.get(i).add(cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+                        break;
+                    case NUMERIC:
+                        if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
+                            data.get(i).add(cell.getDateCellValue() + "");
+                        } else {
+                            data.get(i).add((int) cell.getNumericCellValue() + "");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case BOOLEAN:
+                        data.get(i).add(cell.getBooleanCellValue() + "");
+                        break;
+                    case FORMULA:
+                        data.get(i).add(cell.getCellFormula() + "");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        data.get(i).add(" ");
                 }
             }
             i++;
         }
-        if (workbook != null){
+        if (workbook != null) {
             workbook.close();
         }
         return data;
@@ -117,9 +110,9 @@ public class ExcelPOIHelper {
             workbook.write(outputStream);
         } finally {
             if (workbook != null) {
-               
-                    workbook.close();
-               
+
+                workbook.close();
+
             }
         }
     }

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelUtility.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
 import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
 
 public class ExcelUtility {
+
     private static final String ENDLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator");
 
     public static String readExcel(String filePath) throws IOException {
@@ -23,13 +24,9 @@ public class ExcelUtility {
             inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
             Workbook baeuldungWorkBook = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
             for (Sheet sheet : baeuldungWorkBook) {
-                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-                    .append(ENDLINE);
-                toReturn.append("Worksheet :")
-                    .append(sheet.getSheetName())
-                    .append(ENDLINE);
-                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-                    .append(ENDLINE);
+                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+                toReturn.append("Worksheet :").append(sheet.getSheetName()).append(ENDLINE);
+                toReturn.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
                 int firstRow = sheet.getFirstRowNum();
                 int lastRow = sheet.getLastRowNum();
                 for (int index = firstRow + 1; index <= lastRow; index++) {
@@ -39,8 +36,7 @@ public class ExcelUtility {
                         Cell cell = row.getCell(cellIndex, Row.MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK);
                         printCellValue(cell, toReturn);
                     }
-                    toReturn.append(" ||")
-                        .append(ENDLINE);
+                    toReturn.append(" ||").append(ENDLINE);
                 }
             }
             inputStream.close();
@@ -53,24 +49,19 @@ public class ExcelUtility {
     }
 
     public static void printCellValue(Cell cell, StringBuilder toReturn) {
-        CellType cellType = cell.getCellType()
-            .equals(CellType.FORMULA) ? cell.getCachedFormulaResultType() : cell.getCellType();
+        CellType cellType = cell.getCellType().equals(CellType.FORMULA) ? cell.getCachedFormulaResultType() : cell.getCellType();
         if (cellType.equals(CellType.STRING)) {
-            toReturn.append(cell.getStringCellValue())
-                .append(" | ");
+            toReturn.append(cell.getStringCellValue()).append(" | ");
         }
         if (cellType.equals(CellType.NUMERIC)) {
             if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
-                toReturn.append(cell.getDateCellValue())
-                    .append(" | ");
+                toReturn.append(cell.getDateCellValue()).append(" | ");
             } else {
-                toReturn.append(cell.getNumericCellValue())
-                    .append(" | ");
+                toReturn.append(cell.getNumericCellValue()).append(" | ");
             }
         }
         if (cellType.equals(CellType.BOOLEAN)) {
-            toReturn.append(cell.getBooleanCellValue())
-                .append(" | ");
+            toReturn.append(cell.getBooleanCellValue()).append(" | ");
         }
     }
 }

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyleHandler.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ public class CellStyleHandler {
 
     public void changeCellBackgroundColor(Cell cell) {
         CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
-        if(cellStyle == null) {
+        if (cellStyle == null) {
             cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().createCellStyle();
         }
         cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.LIGHT_BLUE.getIndex());
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class CellStyleHandler {
 
     public void changeCellBackgroundColorWithPattern(Cell cell) {
         CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
-        if(cellStyle == null) {
+        if (cellStyle == null) {
             cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().createCellStyle();
         }
         cellStyle.setFillBackgroundColor(IndexedColors.BLACK.index);

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyler.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.VerticalAlignment;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
 
 public class CellStyler {
+
     public CellStyle createWarningColor(Workbook workbook) {
         CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
 

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/multilinetext/MultilineText.java

@@ -4,13 +4,10 @@ import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
 
 public class MultilineText {
+
     public void formatMultilineText(Cell cell, int cellNumber) {
-        cell.getRow()
-            .setHeightInPoints(cell.getSheet()
-                .getDefaultRowHeightInPoints() * 2);
-        CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getSheet()
-            .getWorkbook()
-            .createCellStyle();
+        cell.getRow().setHeightInPoints(cell.getSheet().getDefaultRowHeightInPoints() * 2);
+        CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().createCellStyle();
         cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
         cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
     }

apache-poi/src/main/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/read/cellvalueandnotformula/CellValueAndNotFormulaHelper.java

@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ public class CellValueAndNotFormulaHelper {
         Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
 
         Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
-        FormulaEvaluator evaluator = workbook.getCreationHelper()
-            .createFormulaEvaluator();
+        FormulaEvaluator evaluator = workbook.getCreationHelper().createFormulaEvaluator();
 
         CellAddress cellAddress = new CellAddress(cellLocation);
         Row row = sheet.getRow(cellAddress.getRow());

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/jexcel/JExcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -36,22 +36,18 @@ public class JExcelIntegrationTest {
     public void whenParsingJExcelFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException, BiffException {
         Map<Integer, List<String>> data = jExcelHelper.readJExcel(fileLocation);
 
-        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0).get(0));
+        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0).get(1));
 
-        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(2)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("20", data.get(2)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(2).get(0));
+        assertEquals("20", data.get(2).get(1));
     }
 
     @After
-    public void cleanup(){
+    public void cleanup() {
         File testFile = new File(fileLocation);
         if (testFile.exists()) {
-           testFile.delete();     
+            testFile.delete();
         }
     }
 }

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelCellFormatterUnitTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ExcelCellFormatterUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "ExcelCellFormatterTest.xlsx";
     private static final int STRING_CELL_INDEX = 0;
     private static final int BOOLEAN_CELL_INDEX = 1;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ public class ExcelCellFormatterUnitTest {
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-            fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelIntegrationTest.java

@@ -33,22 +33,18 @@ public class ExcelIntegrationTest {
     public void whenParsingPOIExcelFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
         Map<Integer, List<String>> data = excelPOIHelper.readExcel(fileLocation);
 
-        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("Name", data.get(0).get(0));
+        assertEquals("Age", data.get(0).get(1));
 
-        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(1)
-            .get(0));
-        assertEquals("20", data.get(1)
-            .get(1));
+        assertEquals("John Smith", data.get(1).get(0));
+        assertEquals("20", data.get(1).get(1));
     }
 
     @After
-    public void cleanup(){
+    public void cleanup() {
         File testFile = new File(fileLocation);
         if (testFile.exists()) {
-           testFile.delete();     
+            testFile.delete();
         }
     }
 }

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/ExcelUtilityUnitTest.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ExcelUtilityUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "baeldung.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;
     private static final String ENDLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator");
@@ -21,39 +22,18 @@ public class ExcelUtilityUnitTest {
     @Before
     public void setupUnitTest() throws IOException, URISyntaxException, ParseException {
         output = new StringBuilder();
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet1")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name1 | Surname1 | 3.55696564113E11 | ")
-            .append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021")
-                .toString())
-            .append(" | ‡ |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name2 | Surname2 | 5.646513512E9 | ")
-            .append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/12/2021")
-                .toString())
-            .append(" | false |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name3 | Surname3 | 3.55696564113E11 | ")
-            .append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021")
-                .toString())
-            .append(" | 7.17039641738E11 |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet2")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
-        output.append("|| Name4 | Surname4 | 3.55675623232E11 | 13/04/2021 |  ||")
-            .append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet1").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name1 | Surname1 | 3.55696564113E11 | ").append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021").toString()).append(" | ‡ |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name2 | Surname2 | 5.646513512E9 | ").append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/12/2021").toString()).append(" | false |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name3 | Surname3 | 3.55696564113E11 | ").append(new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy").parse("4/11/2021").toString()).append(" | 7.17039641738E11 |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("Worksheet :Sheet2").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("--------------------------------------------------------------------").append(ENDLINE);
+        output.append("|| Name4 | Surname4 | 3.55675623232E11 | 13/04/2021 |  ||").append(ENDLINE);
 
-        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME)
-            .toURI())
-            .toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellBorderHandlerUnitTest.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 public class CellBorderHandlerUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "cellstyle/CellStyleBorderHandlerTest.xlsx";
     private static final int SHEET_INDEX = 0;
 

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyleHandlerUnitTest.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class CellStyleHandlerUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "cellstyle/CellStyleHandlerTest.xlsx";
     private static final int SHEET_INDEX = 0;
     private static final int ROW_INDEX = 0;

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStylerUnitTest.java

@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class CellStylerUnitTest {
+
     private static String FILE_NAME = "com/baeldung/poi/excel/cellstyle/CellStyle.xlsx";
     private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "CellStyleTest_output.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME)
-            .toURI())
-            .toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/insert/ExcelInsertRowUnitTest.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 
 public class ExcelInsertRowUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "test.xlsx";
     private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "new_test.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/merge/ExcelCellMergerUnitTest.java

@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ExcelCellMergerUnitTest {
+
     private static final String FILE_NAME = "ExcelCellFormatterTest.xlsx";
     private String fileLocation;
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-            fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -28,9 +29,9 @@ public class ExcelCellMergerUnitTest {
         Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
 
         assertEquals(0, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
-        int firstRow = 0; 
-        int lastRow = 0; 
-        int firstCol = 0; 
+        int firstRow = 0;
+        int lastRow = 0;
+        int firstCol = 0;
         int lastCol = 2;
         sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(firstRow, lastRow, firstCol, lastCol));
         assertEquals(1, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ public class ExcelCellMergerUnitTest {
         Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileLocation);
         Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
 
-        assertEquals(0, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());        
+        assertEquals(0, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
         sheet.addMergedRegion(CellRangeAddress.valueOf("A1:C1"));
         assertEquals(1, sheet.getNumMergedRegions());
 

apache-poi/src/test/java/com/baeldung/poi/excel/multilinetext/MultilineTextUnitTest.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class MultilineTextUnitTest {
+
     private static String FILE_NAME = "com/baeldung/poi/excel/multilinetext/MultilineTextTest.xlsx";
     private static final String NEW_FILE_NAME = "MultilineTextTest_output.xlsx";
     private static final int STRING_ROW_INDEX = 1;
@@ -29,9 +30,7 @@ public class MultilineTextUnitTest {
 
     @Before
     public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
-        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME)
-            .toURI())
-            .toString();
+        fileLocation = Paths.get(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FILE_NAME).toURI()).toString();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -53,13 +52,9 @@ public class MultilineTextUnitTest {
         File file = new File(NEW_FILE_NAME);
         FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
         Workbook testWorkbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
-        assertTrue(row.getHeightInPoints() == testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0)
-            .getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX)
-            .getHeightInPoints());
+        assertTrue(row.getHeightInPoints() == testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0).getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX).getHeightInPoints());
         DataFormatter formatter = new DataFormatter();
-        assertEquals("Hello \n world!", formatter.formatCellValue(testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0)
-            .getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX)
-            .getCell(STRING_CELL_INDEX)));
+        assertEquals("Hello \n world!", formatter.formatCellValue(testWorkbook.getSheetAt(0).getRow(STRING_ROW_INDEX).getCell(STRING_CELL_INDEX)));
         testWorkbook.close();
         fileInputStream.close();
         file.delete();

apache-tika/src/main/java/com/baeldung/tika/TikaAnalysis.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 
 public class TikaAnalysis {
+
     public static String detectDocTypeUsingDetector(InputStream stream) throws IOException {
         Detector detector = new DefaultDetector();
         Metadata metadata = new Metadata();

apache-tika/src/test/java/com/baeldung/tika/TikaUnitTest.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 
 public class TikaUnitTest {
+
     @Test
     public void whenUsingDetector_thenDocumentTypeIsReturned() throws IOException {
         InputStream stream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("tika.txt");

apache-velocity/pom.xml

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
         <org.apache.httpcomponents.version>4.5.2</org.apache.httpcomponents.version>
         <velocity-version>1.7</velocity-version>
         <velocity-tools-version>2.0</velocity-tools-version>
+        <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2</maven-war-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

asm/pom.xml

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 
     <properties>
         <asm.version>5.2</asm.version>
+        <maven-jar-plugin.version>2.4</maven-jar-plugin.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/pom.xml

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>aws-s3-update-object</artifactId>
-    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>aws-s3-update-object</name>
-    <description>Project demonstrating overwriting of S3 objects</description>
-    <parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-boot-2</artifactId>
-        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-        <relativePath>../../parent-boot-2</relativePath>
-    </parent>
-    <dependencies>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
-            <scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
-            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk</artifactId>
-            <version>${aws-java-sdk-version}</version>
-        </dependency>
-    </dependencies>
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-    <properties>
-        <aws-java-sdk-version>1.12.523</aws-java-sdk-version>
-    </properties>
-</project>

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/src/main/java/com/baeldung/awss3updateobject/AwsS3UpdateObjectApplication.java

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.awss3updateobject;
-
-import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
-import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
-
-@SpringBootApplication
-public class AwsS3UpdateObjectApplication {
-
-	public static void main(String[] args) {
-		SpringApplication.run(AwsS3UpdateObjectApplication.class, args);
-	}
-
-}

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/src/main/java/com/baeldung/awss3updateobject/controller/FileController.java

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.awss3updateobject.controller;
-
-import com.baeldung.awss3updateobject.service.FileService;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
-import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
-
-@RestController
-@RequestMapping("api/v1/file")
-public class FileController {
-
-    @Autowired
-    FileService fileService;
-
-    @PostMapping("/upload")
-    public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile multipartFile) throws Exception {
-        return this.fileService.uploadFile(multipartFile);
-    }
-
-    @PostMapping("/update")
-    public String updateFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile multipartFile, @RequestParam("filePath")  String exitingFilePath) throws Exception {
-        return this.fileService.updateFile(multipartFile, exitingFilePath);
-    }
-}

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/src/main/java/com/baeldung/awss3updateobject/service/FileService.java

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.awss3updateobject.service;
-
-import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSCredentials;
-import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSStaticCredentialsProvider;
-import com.amazonaws.auth.BasicAWSCredentials;
-import com.amazonaws.regions.Regions;
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3;
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3ClientBuilder;
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.*;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
-
-import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-@Service
-public class FileService {
-
-    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileService.class);
-
-    public AmazonS3 amazonS3;
-
-    @Value("${aws.s3bucket}")
-    public String awsS3Bucket;
-
-    @PostConstruct
-    private void init(){
-        AWSCredentials credentials = new BasicAWSCredentials(
-                "AWS AccessKey",
-                "AWS secretKey"
-        );
-        this.amazonS3 = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard()
-                .withRegion(Regions.fromName("us-east-1"))
-                .withCredentials(new AWSStaticCredentialsProvider(credentials))
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    public String uploadFile(MultipartFile multipartFile) throws Exception {
-        String key = "/documents/" + multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
-        return this.uploadDocument(this.awsS3Bucket, key, multipartFile);
-    }
-
-    public String updateFile(MultipartFile multipartFile, String key) throws Exception {
-        return this.uploadDocument(this.awsS3Bucket, key, multipartFile);
-    }
-
-    private String uploadDocument(String s3bucket, String key, MultipartFile multipartFile) throws Exception {
-        try {
-            ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();
-            metadata.setContentType(multipartFile.getContentType());
-            Map<String, String> attributes = new HashMap<>();
-            attributes.put("document-content-size", String.valueOf(multipartFile.getSize()));
-            metadata.setUserMetadata(attributes);
-            InputStream documentStream = multipartFile.getInputStream();
-            PutObjectResult putObjectResult = this.amazonS3.putObject(new PutObjectRequest(s3bucket, key, documentStream, metadata));
-
-            S3Object s3Object = this.amazonS3.getObject(s3bucket, key);
-            logger.info("Last Modified: " + s3Object.getObjectMetadata().getLastModified());
-            return key;
-        } catch (AmazonS3Exception ex) {
-            if (ex.getErrorCode().equalsIgnoreCase("NoSuchBucket")) {
-                String msg = String.format("No bucket found with name %s", s3bucket);
-                throw new Exception(msg);
-            } else if (ex.getErrorCode().equalsIgnoreCase("AccessDenied")) {
-                String msg = String.format("Access denied to S3 bucket %s", s3bucket);
-                throw new Exception(msg);
-            }
-            throw ex;
-        } catch (IOException ex) {
-            String msg = String.format("Error saving file %s to AWS S3 bucket %s", key, s3bucket);
-            throw new Exception(msg);
-        }
-    }
-}

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-aws.s3bucket=baeldung-documents;

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/src/test/java/com/baeldung/awss3updateobject/controller/FileControllerUnitTest.java

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.awss3updateobject.controller;
-
-import com.baeldung.awss3updateobject.service.FileService;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-import org.springframework.mock.web.MockMultipartFile;
-import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
-import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
-import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
-import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
-import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
-import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
-
-public class FileControllerUnitTest {
-
-    private MockMvc mockMvc;
-
-    @Mock
-    private FileService fileService;
-
-    @InjectMocks
-    private FileController fileController;
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    public void setUp() {
-        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
-        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(fileController).build();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenValidMultipartFile_whenUploadedViaEndpoint_thenCorrectPathIsReturned() throws Exception {
-        MockMultipartFile multipartFile = new MockMultipartFile("file", "test.txt", "text/plain", "sample file content".getBytes());
-        String expectedResult = "File Uploaded Successfully";
-
-        when(fileService.uploadFile(multipartFile)).thenReturn(expectedResult);
-
-        mockMvc.perform(multipart("/api/v1/file/upload").file(multipartFile))
-                .andExpect(status().isOk())
-                .andExpect(content().string(expectedResult));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenValidMultipartFileAndExistingPath_whenUpdatedViaEndpoint_thenSamePathIsReturned() throws Exception {
-        MockMultipartFile multipartFile = new MockMultipartFile("file", "test.txt", "text/plain", "updated file content".getBytes());
-        String filePath = "some/path/to/file";
-        String expectedResult = "File Updated Successfully";
-
-        when(fileService.updateFile(multipartFile, filePath)).thenReturn(expectedResult);
-
-        mockMvc.perform(multipart("/api/v1/file/update")
-                        .file(multipartFile)
-                        .param("filePath", filePath))
-                .andExpect(status().isOk())
-                .andExpect(content().string(expectedResult));
-    }
-}

aws-modules/aws-s3-update-object/src/test/java/com/baeldung/awss3updateobject/service/FileServiceUnitTest.java

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.awss3updateobject.service;
-
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3;
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.AmazonS3Exception;
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.PutObjectRequest;
-import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.S3Object;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
-
-public class FileServiceUnitTest {
-
-    @Mock
-    private AmazonS3 amazonS3;
-
-    @Mock
-    private MultipartFile multipartFile;
-
-    @InjectMocks
-    private FileService fileService;
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    public void setup() {
-        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
-        fileService = new FileService();
-        fileService.awsS3Bucket = "test-bucket";
-        fileService.amazonS3 = amazonS3;
-      }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenValidFile_whenUploaded_thenKeyMatchesDocumentPath() throws Exception {
-        when(multipartFile.getName()).thenReturn("testFile");
-        when(multipartFile.getOriginalFilename()).thenReturn("testFile");
-        when(multipartFile.getContentType()).thenReturn("application/pdf");
-        when(multipartFile.getSize()).thenReturn(1024L);
-        when(multipartFile.getInputStream()).thenReturn(mock(InputStream.class));
-
-        S3Object s3Object = new S3Object();
-        when(amazonS3.putObject(any())).thenReturn(null);
-        when(amazonS3.getObject(anyString(), anyString())).thenReturn(s3Object);
-
-        String key = fileService.uploadFile(multipartFile);
-
-        assertEquals("/documents/testFile", key);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenValidFile_whenUploadFailsDueToNoBucket_thenExceptionIsThrown() throws Exception {
-        when(multipartFile.getName()).thenReturn("testFile");
-        when(multipartFile.getOriginalFilename()).thenReturn("testFile");
-        when(multipartFile.getContentType()).thenReturn("application/pdf");
-        when(multipartFile.getSize()).thenReturn(1024L);
-        when(multipartFile.getInputStream()).thenReturn(mock(InputStream.class));
-
-        AmazonS3Exception exception = new AmazonS3Exception("Test exception");
-        exception.setErrorCode("NoSuchBucket");
-        when(amazonS3.putObject(any(PutObjectRequest.class))).thenThrow(exception);
-
-        assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> fileService.uploadFile(multipartFile));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenExistingFile_whenUpdated_thenSameKeyIsReturned() throws Exception {
-        when(multipartFile.getName()).thenReturn("testFile");
-        when(multipartFile.getContentType()).thenReturn("application/pdf");
-        when(multipartFile.getSize()).thenReturn(1024L);
-        when(multipartFile.getInputStream()).thenReturn(mock(InputStream.class));
-
-        S3Object s3Object = new S3Object();
-        when(amazonS3.putObject(any(PutObjectRequest.class))).thenReturn(null);
-        when(amazonS3.getObject(anyString(), anyString())).thenReturn(s3Object);
-
-        String key = "/documents/existingFile";
-        String resultKey = fileService.updateFile(multipartFile, key);
-
-        assertEquals(key, resultKey);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void givenFileWithIOException_whenUpdated_thenExceptionIsThrown() throws Exception {
-        when(multipartFile.getName()).thenReturn("testFile");
-        when(multipartFile.getContentType()).thenReturn("application/pdf");
-        when(multipartFile.getSize()).thenReturn(1024L);
-        when(multipartFile.getInputStream()).thenThrow(new IOException("Test IO Exception"));
-
-        assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> fileService.updateFile(multipartFile, "/documents/existingFile"));
-    }
-}

aws-modules/aws-s3-v2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+## Relevant Articles
+- [Listing All AWS S3 Objects in a Bucket Using Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-aws-s3-list-bucket-objects)

aws-modules/aws-s3-v2/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.s3</groupId>
+    <artifactId>aws-s3-v2</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>aws-s3-v2</name>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>aws-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <properties>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <aws.java.sdk.version>2.20.52</aws.java.sdk.version>
+        <maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.6.1</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
+            <artifactId>s3</artifactId>
+            <version>${aws.java.sdk.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${maven-shade-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
+                </configuration>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <phase>package</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>shade</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

aws-modules/aws-s3-v2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/s3/listobjects/File.java

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-package com.baeldung.s3;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
-public class File {
-    private String name;
-    private ByteBuffer content;
-
-    public File(String name, ByteBuffer content) {
-        this.name = name;
-        this.content = content;
-    }
-
-    public String getName() {
-        return name;
-    }
-
-    public ByteBuffer getContent() {
-        return content;
-    }
-}
+package com.baeldung.s3.listobjects;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+public class File {
+    private String name;
+    private ByteBuffer content;
+
+    public File(String name, ByteBuffer content) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.content = content;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer getContent() {
+        return content;
+    }
+}

aws-modules/aws-s3-v2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/s3/listobjects/FileGenerator.java

@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
-package com.baeldung.s3;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Random;
-
-public class FileGenerator {
-
-    public static List<File> generateFiles(int fileCount, int fileSize) {
-        List<File> files = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++) {
-            String fileName = "file_" + i + ".txt";
-            ByteBuffer fileContent = generateRandomBytes(fileSize);
-            files.add(new File(fileName, fileContent));
-        }
-        return files;
-    }
-
-    private static ByteBuffer generateRandomBytes(int size) {
-        byte[] array = new byte[size];
-        new Random().nextBytes(array);
-        return ByteBuffer.wrap(array);
-    }
-
-
-}
+package com.baeldung.s3.listobjects;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class FileGenerator {
+
+    public static List<File> generateFiles(int fileCount, int fileSize) {
+        List<File> files = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++) {
+            String fileName = "file_" + i + ".txt";
+            ByteBuffer fileContent = generateRandomBytes(fileSize);
+            files.add(new File(fileName, fileContent));
+        }
+        return files;
+    }
+
+    private static ByteBuffer generateRandomBytes(int size) {
+        byte[] array = new byte[size];
+        new Random().nextBytes(array);
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(array);
+    }
+
+
+}

aws-modules/aws-s3-v2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/s3/listobjects/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.baeldung.s3.listobjects;
+
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+
+public class Main {
+
+    private static String AWS_BUCKET = "baeldung-tutorial-s3";
+    public static Region AWS_REGION = Region.EU_CENTRAL_1;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        S3Service s3Service = new S3Service(AWS_REGION);
+
+        s3Service.putObject(AWS_BUCKET, FileGenerator.generateFiles(1000, 1));
+        s3Service.listBuckets();
+        s3Service.listObjectsInBucket(AWS_BUCKET);
+        s3Service.listAllObjectsInBucket(AWS_BUCKET);
+        s3Service.listAllObjectsInBucketPaginated(AWS_BUCKET, 500);
+        s3Service.listAllObjectsInBucketPaginatedWithPrefix(AWS_BUCKET, 500, "backup/");
+
+        s3Service.cleanup();
+    }
+}

aws-modules/aws-s3-v2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/s3/listobjects/S3Service.java

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package com.baeldung.s3.listobjects;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import software.amazon.awssdk.auth.credentials.ProfileCredentialsProvider;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.sync.RequestBody;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.*;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.paginators.ListObjectsV2Iterable;
+
+class S3Service {
+
+    private S3Client s3Client;
+
+    public S3Service(Region awsRegion) {
+        init(awsRegion);
+    }
+
+    public S3Service(S3Client s3Client) {
+        this.s3Client = s3Client;
+    }
+
+    public void init(Region awsRegion) {
+        this.s3Client = S3Client.builder()
+          .region(awsRegion)
+          .credentialsProvider(ProfileCredentialsProvider.create("default"))
+          .build();
+    }
+
+    public void listObjectsInBucket(String bucketName) {
+        ListObjectsV2Request listObjectsV2Request = ListObjectsV2Request.builder()
+          .bucket(bucketName)
+          .build();
+        ListObjectsV2Response listObjectsV2Response = s3Client.listObjectsV2(listObjectsV2Request);
+
+        List<S3Object> contents = listObjectsV2Response.contents();
+
+        System.out.println("Number of objects in the bucket: " + contents.stream().count());
+        contents.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    public void listAllObjectsInBucket(String bucketName) {
+        String nextContinuationToken = null;
+        long totalObjects = 0;
+
+        do {
+            ListObjectsV2Request.Builder requestBuilder = ListObjectsV2Request.builder()
+              .bucket(bucketName)
+              .continuationToken(nextContinuationToken);
+
+            ListObjectsV2Response response = s3Client.listObjectsV2(requestBuilder.build());
+            nextContinuationToken = response.nextContinuationToken();
+
+            totalObjects += response.contents().stream()
+              .peek(System.out::println)
+              .reduce(0, (subtotal, element) -> subtotal + 1, Integer::sum);
+        } while (nextContinuationToken != null);
+        System.out.println("Number of objects in the bucket: " + totalObjects);
+    }
+
+    public void listAllObjectsInBucketPaginated(String bucketName, int pageSize) {
+        ListObjectsV2Request listObjectsV2Request = ListObjectsV2Request.builder()
+          .bucket(bucketName)
+          .maxKeys(pageSize) // Set the maxKeys parameter to control the page size
+          .build();
+
+        ListObjectsV2Iterable listObjectsV2Iterable = s3Client.listObjectsV2Paginator(listObjectsV2Request);
+        long totalObjects = 0;
+
+        for (ListObjectsV2Response page : listObjectsV2Iterable) {
+            long retrievedPageSize = page.contents().stream()
+              .peek(System.out::println)
+              .reduce(0, (subtotal, element) -> subtotal + 1, Integer::sum);
+            totalObjects += retrievedPageSize;
+            System.out.println("Page size: " + retrievedPageSize);
+        }
+        System.out.println("Total objects in the bucket: " + totalObjects);
+    }
+
+    public void listAllObjectsInBucketPaginatedWithPrefix(String bucketName, int pageSize, String prefix) {
+        ListObjectsV2Request listObjectsV2Request = ListObjectsV2Request.builder()
+          .bucket(bucketName)
+          .maxKeys(pageSize) // Set the maxKeys parameter to control the page size
+          .prefix(prefix)
+          .build();
+
+        ListObjectsV2Iterable listObjectsV2Iterable = s3Client.listObjectsV2Paginator(listObjectsV2Request);
+        long totalObjects = 0;
+
+        for (ListObjectsV2Response page : listObjectsV2Iterable) {
+            long retrievedPageSize = page.contents().stream()
+              .peek(System.out::println)
+              .reduce(0, (subtotal, element) -> subtotal + 1, Integer::sum);
+            totalObjects += retrievedPageSize;
+            System.out.println("Page size: " + retrievedPageSize);
+        }
+        System.out.println("Total objects in the bucket: " + totalObjects);
+    }
+
+    public void listBuckets() {
+        // List all buckets
+        ListBucketsResponse listBucketsResponse = s3Client.listBuckets();
+
+        // Display the bucket names
+        List<Bucket> buckets = listBucketsResponse.buckets();
+        System.out.println("Buckets:");
+        for (Bucket bucket : buckets) {
+            System.out.println(bucket.name());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void putObject(String bucketName, List<File> files) {
+        try {
+            files.stream().forEach(file -> {
+                s3Client.putObject(PutObjectRequest.builder().bucket(bucketName).key(file.getName()).build(),
+                  RequestBody.fromByteBuffer(file.getContent()));
+                System.out.println("Uploaded file: " + file.getName());
+            });
+        } catch (S3Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Upload failed");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void cleanup() {
+        this.s3Client.close();
+    }
+}